The parasite‐host relationship between <i>Encarsia formosa</i> Gahan (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae) and <i>Trialeurodes vaporariorum</i> (Westwood) (Homoptera, Aleyrodidae)

Lenteren, J.C. van; Vianen, A. van; Hatala-Zseller, I.; Budai, C.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0418.1989.tb00441.x

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…This indicates that host selection does not occur before a host has been drummed, similar to those reported by van Lenteren et al (1976a) for the primary parasitoid E. formosa. Our observations that the L3 stage is the most preferred stage for hyperparasitization for E. tricolor is similar to information provided for E. tricolor by Avilla and Copland (1987).…”

Section: Searching and Parasitization Behaviour Of E Tricolorsupporting

confidence: 84%

Hyperparasitism behaviour of the autoparasitoid Encarsia tricolor on two secondary host species

et al. 2008

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Hyperparasitism by virgin female Encarsia tricolor was studied by direct observation of its behaviour when contacting two secondary host species (Encarsia formosa and E. tricolor) at different host stages (first and second larval stage, third larval stage, and pupal stage). The searching and hyperparasitism behavioural sequence of E. tricolor was independent of the host stage of the whitefly (Aleyrodes proletella), and was similar to several related primary parasitoid species. In experiments with equal numbers of secondary hosts, encounter frequencies were equal for both secondary host species in all developmental stages observed.However, rates of hyperparastism were different according to host stage and host species. Hosts in the late larval stages were most preferred for hyperparasitization and the heterospecific E. formosa was more preferred as a secondary host than the conspecific, E. tricolor, in particular from the prepupal stage onwards. The window of vulnerability, i.e., the duration of the period in which a secondary host is susceptible to hyperparasitism, was largely determined by the occurrence and rate of melanization after the onset of pupation. The duration of a successful hyperparasitization event was longer than one that failed. Superparasitism occurred only once in all cases. The potential effect of autoparasitoids on biological control programs and the consequences for selection and release of an effective, yet ecologically safe agent are discussed.

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Section: Searching and Parasitization Behaviour Of E Tricolorsupporting

confidence: 84%

Hyperparasitism behaviour of the autoparasitoid Encarsia tricolor on two secondary host species

et al. 2008

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“…Vet & van Lenteren (1981) and van Lenteren et al (1987) compared the longevity of E. formosa at different temperatures in the presence or absence of hosts reported by different authors, and concluded that being given access to hosts shortened adult longevity in E. formosa, but not in Eretmocerus species. In the present study adult longevity was shorter in the presence than absence of hosts in E. formosa D and the two Eremocerus species.…”

Section: Adult Longevitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Van Lenteren et al (1987) studied the effect of host quality on adult longevity of E. formosa, and discovered a longer longevity when all instars of T. vaporariorum larvae were present during the test, than …”

Section: Adult Longevitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Life-history parameters of Encarsia formosa, Eretmocerus eremicus and E. mundus, aphelinid parasitoids of Bemisia argentifolii (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

Qiu

Lenteren

Drost³

et al. 2004

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. Life-history parameters (juvenile development time, adult longevity, host instar preference and rate of parasitism) of four parasitoids of Bemisia argentifolii (two strains of Encarsia formosa (D and B), Eretmocerus eremicus and Eretmocerus mundus) were studied in the laboratory. At 15°C juvenile development time was the shortest for E. formosa B (48 days), longest for E. eremicus (79.3 days) and intermediate for E. formosa D (62.8 days) and E. mundus (64 days) at 15°C. With increase in temperature, development time decreased to around 14 days for all species/strains at 32°C. The lower developmental threshold for development was 11.5, 8.1, 13.0 and 11.5°C for E. formosa D, E. formosa B, E. eremicus and E. mundus, respectively. E. formosa D and B, and E. mundus all appeared to prefer to parasitize 3 rd instar nymphs. The presence of hosts shortened adult longevity in most of the parasitoids, with the exception of E. formosa B, which lived longer than other species/strains irrespective of the presence of hosts. At 15°C daily parasitism was very low by all parasitoids. The two Encarsia strains had a constant, but low rate of reproduction during adult life, while the two Eretmocerus species had a very high rate of reproduction when one-day old, which then decreased very quickly. Lifetime fecundity, estimated using a non-linear model, indicated that it was higher for the two Encarsia strains than for the Eretmocerus species. Life history parameters reported in the literature for the four parasitoids are reviewed and compared with our results. Finally, the potential value for the biological control of whiteflies on greenhouse crops of parasitoids having either a high reproductive rate over a short period (Eretmocerus spp.) or a low rate of reproduction over a long period (Encarsia spp.) is discussed.

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“…Food is also an important factor for parasitoid survival, and it is essential to ensure mating and subsequent for aging and oviposition of the parasitoid (van Lenteren et al, 1987;Finch & Coaker, 1969). Adult A. kamali that were provided with food lived approximately 20 times longer than unfed individuals.…”

Section: Longevity Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecundity and survival of Anagyrus kamali (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) under different feeding and storage temperature conditions

Sagarra¹,

Vincent²,

Stewart³

2000

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. The parasitoid, Anagyrus kamali Moursi (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), has been recently introduced into the Caribbean as a biological control agent against the hibiscus mealybug (HMB), Maconellicoccus hirsutus Green (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). Storage of A. kamali that is essential for its use in biological control did not affect the longevity of female and male parasitoids (40.3 ± 14.07 and 31.7 ± 9.57 days, respectively) when kept at 20 ± 2°C in absence of hosts and fed ad libitum with droplets of pure honey. At a storage temperature of 27 ± 2°C the longevity decreased by about 10 days. Fed females did not resorb eggs during the first two weeks of storage at 20 ± 2°. Parasitoid ovogenesis ceased when ovarioles/lateral oviducts were full. The lifetime fecundity was not significantly affected by a storage at 20 ± 2°C of up to 14 days. Foraging activities and oviposition were the main factors influencing the lifespan of female A. kamali.

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The parasite‐host relationship between Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae) and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Homoptera, Aleyrodidae)

Cited by 13 publications

References 8 publications

Hyperparasitism behaviour of the autoparasitoid Encarsia tricolor on two secondary host species

Hyperparasitism behaviour of the autoparasitoid Encarsia tricolor on two secondary host species

Life-history parameters of Encarsia formosa, Eretmocerus eremicus and E. mundus, aphelinid parasitoids of Bemisia argentifolii (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

Fecundity and survival of Anagyrus kamali (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) under different feeding and storage temperature conditions

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