The Paradigm Shift of Living Labs in Service Co-creation for Smart Cities: SynchroniCity Validation

Assessing co-creation in strategic planning for urban energy transitions

“…For example, Voorberg et al [60] divide the process into the coinitiation, co-design, and co-implementation phase, while Nabatchi et al [53] describe the similar co-commissioning, co-design, and codelivery phases, while adding a fourth phase, co-assessment. The urban environment provides an especially fitting testing ground for cocreation, by allowing the combination of real-life spaces with test conditions in "living labs" [61][62][63], "city labs," [64] or "urban transition labs" [65]. The collaborative innovation processes in these spaces largely follow the previously identified phases.…”

“…The overall logic of the cycle remains the same. Spagnoli et al [62] likewise divide the process into the coanalysis, co-design, co-implementation, and co-evaluation phases. Similar phases, although not defined as explicitly, can be identified in empirical research surrounding transition processes [13][14][15].…”

An Intercountry Survey of Participatory Practices Used for Open Government Partnership National Action Plan Development

“…Survey questionnaire on the co-creation of OGP National Action Plans An original electronic survey questionnaire based on the OGP Participation and Cocreation Standards [33] and recent literature on co-creation methods and tools [34][35][36][37] was created to examine the co-creation approaches that OGP participating countries have applied to develop open government National Action Plans. A pilot study was conducted to verify the validity of the structure and content of the questionnaire.…”

Rural Living Labs: Inclusive Digital Transformation in the Countryside

“…DT can be understood as the "changes that [the] digital technology causes or influences in all aspects of human life" (Stolterman & Fors, 2004). These changes are visible in different levels and scales, from individual to societal levels, and from more modernized urban areas, like smart cities, to less digitalized rural areas, in which DT occurs in an uncontrolled real-life context, and where people are involved in their everyday use context (Bockshecker et al, 2018;Spagnoli et al, 2019). Since most studies of the societal effects of digitalization and DT have been carried out in urban areas, there is a dearth of research on the effects of digitalization in rural areas (Salemink et al, 2017;Rotz et al, 2019;Runardotter et al, 2020).…”