The Panax ginseng Berry Extract and Soluble Whey Protein Hydrolysate Mixture Ameliorates Sarcopenia-Related Muscular Deterioration in Aged Mice

Abstract

Sarcopenia is prevalent as the aging population grows. Therefore, the need for supplements for the elderly is increasing. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and mechanism of a Panax ginseng berry extract (GBE) and soluble whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) mixture on a sarcopenia-related muscular deterioration in aged mice. Ten-month-old male C57BL/6J mice were administered three different doses of the GBE + WPH mixture for 8 weeks; 700 mg/kg, 900 mg/kg, and 1100 mg/kg. Grip strength, serum inflammatory cytokines level, and mass of muscle tissues were estimated. The deteriorating function of aging muscle was investigated via protein or gene expression. Grip strength and mass of three muscle tissues were increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner, and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine alleviated systemic inflammatory state. The mixture resolved the imbalance of muscle protein turnover through activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway and increased gene expression of the muscle regeneration-related factors, while decreasing myostatin, which interferes with muscle protein synthesis and regeneration. Furthermore, we confirmed that increased mitochondria number in muscle with the improvement of mitochondrial biogenesis. These physiological changes were similar to the effects of exercise.

Dietary intake of micronized avian eggshell membrane in aged mice reduces circulating inflammatory markers, increases microbiota diversity, and attenuates skeletal muscle aging

“…It is known from other studies that protein hydrolysates rich in peptides can stimulate skeletal muscle cells in vitro and in vivo ( 55 , 56 ). Complex long-chained carbohydrates such as hyaluronic acid (HA) can revitalize epithelial function ( 57 ), indirectly influencing the level of inflammatory cytokines in blood serum.…”

Myogenesis Effects of RGX365 to Improve Skeletal Muscle Atrophy

“…Ginseng, a widely used herbal remedy derived from the root of Panax species, has garnered attention for its potential to combat age-related health challenges [40]. Ginseng's anti-inflammatory effects could potentially mitigate the chronic low-grade inflammation often observed in sarcopenic patients, thereby promoting muscle regeneration and overall muscle health [41]. Furthermore, ginseng's influence on metabolism is noteworthy.…”

Metabolomic profiling analysis reveals benefits of ginseng berry intake on mitochondrial function and glucose metabolism in liver of obese mice

“…Ginseng berry (GB), the fruit of Panax ginseng, has been reported to have various pharmacological effects, including cancer prevention, in ammatory process inhibition, fatigue reduction, and anti-aging (Bi et al, 2014;Han et al, 2022). Chemical pro ling indicates that GB possesses various bioactive compounds, such as ginsenosides, phenolic acids, avonoids, and vitamins (Chung et al, 2016;Joo et al, 2010;Kim et al, 2016).…”