The Pacific 2001 Air Quality Study—synthesis of findings and policy implications

Vingarzan, Roxanne; Li, Shao-Meng

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.09.083

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…NH 3 neutralizes sulfuric acid and nitric acid, and forms ammonia sulfate and ammonia nitrate, both of which are main components of PM 2.5 in the atmosphere. The secondary inorganic aerosol formation is closely related to the abundance of NH 3 gas [9,16,17], while SOA formation was also found to be increased in the presence of NH 3 [47]. Two photooxidation experiments carried out under "winter-like" conditions are listed in Table 3.…”

Section: Sensitivity Of Secondary Aerosol Formation To No X Under "Wimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The production of sulfate and nitrate depends on the concentration of the precursors as well as the levels of oxidants (or oxidation capacity) [9]. The characteristics of preexisting seed particles [10][11][12][13][14], and meteorological conditions [10,15] were also found to play important roles in secondary aerosol formation, resulting in a highly non-linear relationship between PM formation and precursors [16,17]. It is important to understand how these factors individually and collectively affect the production of secondary aerosols under different conditions [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Secondary aerosol formation and oxidation capacity in photooxidation in the presence of Al2O3 seed particles and SO2

et al. 2015

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To investigate the sensitivity of secondary aerosol formation and oxidation capacity to NO x in homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions, a series of irradiated toluene/NO x /air and -pinene/NO x /air experiments were conducted in smog chambers in the absence or presence of Al 2 O 3 seed particles. Various concentrations of NO x and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were designed to simulate secondary aerosol formation under different scenarios for NO x . Under "VOC-limited" conditions, the increasing NO x concentration suppressed secondary aerosol formation, while the increasing toluene concentration not only contributed to the increase in secondary aerosol formation, but also led to the elevated oxidation degree for the organic aerosol. Sulfate formation was suppressed with the increasing NO x due to a decreased oxidation capacity of the photooxidation system. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation also decreased with the presence of high concentration of NO x , because organo-peroxy radicals (RO 2 ) react with NO x instead of with peroxy radicals (RO 2 or HO 2 ), resulting in the formation of volatile organic products. The increasing concentration of NO x enhanced the formation of sulfate, nitrate and SOA under "NO x -limited" conditions, in which the heterogeneous reactions played an important role. In the presence of Al 2 O 3 seed particles, a synergetic promoting effect of mineral dust and NO x on secondary aerosol formation in heterogeneous reactions was observed in the photooxidation. This synergetic effect strengthened the positive relationship between NO x and secondary aerosol formation under "NO x -limited" conditions but weakened or even overturned the negative relationship between NO x and secondary aerosol formation under "VOC-limited" conditions. Sensitivity of secondary aerosol formation to NO x seemed different in homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions, and should be both taken into account in the sensitivity study. The sensitivity of secondary aerosol formation to NO x was further investigated under "winter-like" and NH 3 -rich conditions. No obvious difference for the sensitivity of secondary aerosol formation except nitrate to NO x was observed. secondary aerosol, oxidation capacity, synergetic promoting effect, Al 2 O 3 seed particles, sensitivity

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Section: Sensitivity Of Secondary Aerosol Formation To No X Under "Wimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary aerosol formation and oxidation capacity in photooxidation in the presence of Al2O3 seed particles and SO2

et al. 2015

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“…Immediately after the injection, the instruments were zeroed again. The NO y signal was not adjusted for its slow response to concentration changes in this figure. increasing emissions from urban, suburban, agricultural and marine sources that include the city and port of Vancouver (Vingarzan and Li, 2006;Ainslie and Steyn, 2007). The measurement site itself was surrounded by raspberry fields and impacted by emissions from nearby agricultural operations (such as chicken farms) and traffic on nearby highways and secondary roads.…”

Section: Ambient Air Measurement Locationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A gas chromatograph for quantification of peroxycarboxylic nitric anhydrides calibrated by thermal dissociation cavity ring-down spectroscopy

et al. 2014

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Abstract. The peroxycarboxylic nitric anhydrides (PANs, molecular formula: RC(O)O 2 NO 2 ) can readily be observed by gas chromatography (PAN-GC) coupled to electron capture detection. Calibration of a PAN-GC remains a challenge, because the response factors differ for each of the PANs, and because their synthesis in sufficiently high purity is non-trivial, in particular for PANs containing unsaturated side chains. In this manuscript, a PAN-GC and its calibration using diffusion standards, whose output was quantified by blue diode laser thermal dissociation cavity ringdown spectroscopy (TD-CRDS), are described. The PAN-GC peak areas correlated linearly with total peroxy nitrate ( PN) mixing ratios measured by TD-CRDS (r > 0.96). Accurate determination of response factors required the concentrations of PAN impurities in the synthetic standards to be subtracted from PN. The PAN-GC and its TD-CRDS calibration method were deployed during ambient air measurement campaigns in Abbotsford, BC, from 20 July to 5 August 2012, and during the Fort McMurray Oil Sands Strategic Investigation of Local Sources (FOSSILS) campaign at the AMS13 ground site in Fort McKay, AB, from 10 August to 5 September 2013. The PAN-GC limits of detection for PAN, PPN, and MPAN during FOSSILS were 1, 2, and 3 pptv, respectively. For the Abbotsford data set, the PAN-GC mixing ratios were compared, and agreed with those determined in parallel by thermal dissociation chemical ionization mass spectrometry (TD-CIMS). Advantages and disadvantages of the PAN measurement techniques used in this work and the utility of TD-CRDS as a PAN-GC calibration method are discussed.

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“…6294 H. D. Osthoff et al: Low levels of nitryl chloride at ground level in the LFV such as Pacific 1993 , the Regional Visibility Experimental Assessment in the Lower Fraser Valley (REVEAL) I and II (Pryor et al, 1997;Pryor and Barthelmie, 2000), and Pacific 2001 (Vingarzan and Li, 2006) have added important information regarding atmospheric processes, leading to O 3 and aerosol formation and visibility issues. However, the transformation of primary (e.g., NO x , VOCs, SO 2 , NH 3 ) to secondary pollutants (i.e., O 3 and fine particulate matter) is highly complex, and the scientific understanding of these highly non-linear processes remains incomplete.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low levels of nitryl chloride at ground level: nocturnal nitrogen oxides in the Lower Fraser Valley of British Columbia

et al. 2018

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Abstract. The nocturnal nitrogen oxides, which include the nitrate radical (NO3), dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5), and its uptake product on chloride containing aerosol, nitryl chloride (ClNO2), can have profound impacts on the lifetime of NOx (= NO + NO2), radical budgets, and next-day photochemical ozone (O3) production, yet their abundances and chemistry are only sparsely constrained by ambient air measurements. Here, we present a measurement data set collected at a routine monitoring site near the Abbotsford International Airport (YXX) located approximately 30 km from the Pacific Ocean in the Lower Fraser Valley (LFV) on the west coast of British Columbia. Measurements were made from 20 July to 4 August 2012 and included mixing ratios of ClNO2, N2O5, NO, NO2, total odd nitrogen (NOy), O3, photolysis frequencies, and size distribution and composition of non-refractory submicron aerosol (PM1). At night, O3 was rapidly and often completely removed by dry deposition and by titration with NO of anthropogenic origin and unsaturated biogenic hydrocarbons in a shallow nocturnal inversion surface layer. The low nocturnal O3 mixing ratios and presence of strong chemical sinks for NO3 limited the extent of nocturnal nitrogen oxide chemistry at ground level. Consequently, mixing ratios of N2O5 and ClNO2 were low (< 30 and < 100 parts-per-trillion by volume (pptv) and median nocturnal peak values of 7.8 and 7.9 pptv, respectively). Mixing ratios of ClNO2 frequently peaked 1–2 h after sunrise rationalized by more efficient formation of ClNO2 in the nocturnal residual layer aloft than at the surface and the breakup of the nocturnal boundary layer structure in the morning. When quantifiable, production of ClNO2 from N2O5 was efficient and likely occurred predominantly on unquantified supermicron-sized or refractory sea-salt-derived aerosol. After sunrise, production of Cl radicals from photolysis of ClNO2 was negligible compared to production of OH from the reaction of O(1D) + H2O except for a short period after sunrise.

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The Pacific 2001 Air Quality Study—synthesis of findings and policy implications

Cited by 25 publications

References 35 publications

Secondary aerosol formation and oxidation capacity in photooxidation in the presence of Al2O3 seed particles and SO2

Secondary aerosol formation and oxidation capacity in photooxidation in the presence of Al2O3 seed particles and SO2

A gas chromatograph for quantification of peroxycarboxylic nitric anhydrides calibrated by thermal dissociation cavity ring-down spectroscopy

Low levels of nitryl chloride at ground level: nocturnal nitrogen oxides in the Lower Fraser Valley of British Columbia

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