“…Electrophoretic mobility measurements generally indicate that the magnitude of the negative zeta potential at high pH increases as the Hofmeister series (Cs + < K + < Na + < Li + ) (5,13,14) with Cs + producing lower magnitude negative zeta potentials than Li + . On the other hand, the inverse Hofmeister series is observed for both ion adsorption (18,19) and zeta potential measurements (20,21) for materials such as alumina, hematite, and zirconia, which have high isoelectric points.…”