The Oxygen Heterocyclic Compounds of Citrus Peel Oils

Assessing the Biosynthetic Capabilities of Secretory Glands inCitrusPeel

“…Oxygen-containing heterocyclic metabolites, consisting of coumarins, furanocoumarins, and polymethoxylated flavones, were present in the oil at 4.9% (w/v) before the peel started yellowing (70 mm ED) and then decreased slightly to 4.1% (w/v) in oil obtained from mature fruit (100 mm ED; Table I). This is consistent with prior studies (McHale and Sheridan, 1989;Frérot and Decorzant, 2004;Dugo et al, 2010). Carotenoids had been described as minor components of cold-pressed Citrus oils (Dugo et al, 2006) but were undetectable in our microcapillary-collected grapefruit oil samples (Table I).…”

“…Studies on the nonvolatile constituents of Citrus essential oil began in the 1960s (for review, see Dugo et al, 2009), but reliable quantifications for grapefruit were not reported until much later (McHale and Sheridan, 1989;Frérot and Decorzant, 2004;Dugo et al, 2010). All of these studies used cold-pressed grapefruit oil for phytochemical and chemometric analyses.…”

“…Mass spectrometric data were used to confirm peak annotations. Additional minor nonvolatile oil components were meranzin (mass-to-charge ratio [m/z] 261.113), isomeranzin (m/z 261.119), epoxyaurapten (m/z 315.160), epoxybergamottin (m/z 355.155), and heptamethoxylated flavones (m/z 433.151), the concentrations of which were estimated based on the published literature (McHale and Sheridan, 1989;Frérot and Decorzant, 2004;Dugo et al, 2010).…”

Characterization of Coumarin and Psoralen Levels in California and Arizona Citrus Oils

“…Linear regression calibration curves consisted of three levels for each of the four compounds: 2, 24, & 59 ppm for herniarin and citropten, 2, 24, & 48 ppm for bergapten, and 2, 18, & 36 ppm for isopimpinellin. Citropten (5,7-dimethoxycoumarin) occurs naturally in lemon and lime oils(2,3), is commercially available, and functioned as an internal marker. Weekly calibration of the GC/MSD consistently yielded correlation coefficients of 1.000.Fortified samples and standard solutions were routinely analyzed, generally resulting in 90-105 % recoveries.…”

Characterization of Fibrous Assembly from Lime Peel Extract

“…Until recently, health promoting properties of citrus have always been associated with their content of vitamin C. Only in the last decade studies have focused on several bioactive compounds, specifically limonoids and flavonoids which play a major role in preventing chronic diseases 2 . In addition to vitamin-C, carotenoids, flavonoids, limonoids, phenolic acids when consumed in appropriate quantities are beneficial to human health [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] . Growing body of evidence seems to suggest that limonoids and flavonoids have different biological functions, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiallergic, antiviral, antiproliferative, antimutagenic, and anticarcinogenic activities [11][12][13][14][15] .…”