The oxidative stability of synthetic fuels and fuel blends with monoaromatic blending components

Rawson, Paul M.; Stansfield, Christy-Anne; Webster, Renée L.; Evans, David J.; Yildirim, Ulas

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2015.08.038

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Refer to Table for fuel identification. Errors for the stability techniques have been determined in previous work. , …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two separate techniques were used to assess the oxidative stability of the neat fuels. These were both static, isothermal, oxygen headspace methods that have been previously demonstrated − to be a measure of the oxidative stability of middle distillate fuels. The neat fuel samples were subjected to oxidative stability testing, in order to quantitatively assess the stability of the fuels.…”

Section: Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of the Thermal Oxidation of Conventional and Alternate Aviation Fuels with Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography Accurate Mass Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

et al. 2017

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Oxidation of aviation fuels prior to combustion affects the safe operation of high performance aircraft. This study reports the use of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) with accurate mass time-of-flight mass spectrometry (accTOFMS) to study oxidized species in complex thermally oxidized conventional and alternate aviation fuel matrixes. Tens of thousands of unique compounds were identified in the fuels, highlighting the need for comprehensive separations. GC×GC operation allowed a range of oxidized species to be isolated and identified, and in a conventional fuel, a series of homologous aldehydes and 2-ketones were found. 4-Methyl-2-hexanone and 1-pentanol were found to be strongly correlated with established methods for quantitatively assessing fuel stability.

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“…Refer to Table for fuel identification. Errors for the stability techniques have been determined in previous work. , …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Thermal Oxidation of Conventional and Alternate Aviation Fuels with Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography Accurate Mass Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

et al. 2017

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“…Aromatics generally exhibit a higher oxidative stability than cyclo-paraffins and paraffins. For example, certain monoaromatics (1,3,5-trimethylbenzene) benefit the oxidative stability of synthetic fuels [121]; the addition of diaromatics can significantly improve the oxidative stability of HEFA [109]. From Fig.…”

Section: Oxidative Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on the Relationship Between Liquid Aerospace Fuel Composition and Their Physicochemical Properties

Wang

Jia

Pan

et al. 2020

Trans. Tianjin Univ.

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The development of advanced air transportation has raised new demands for high-performance liquid hydrocarbon fuels. However, the measurement of fuel properties is time-consuming, cost-intensive, and limited to the operating conditions. The physicochemical properties of aerospace fuels are directly influenced by chemical composition. Thus, a thorough investigation should be conducted on the inherent relationship between fuel properties and composition for the design and synthesis of high-grade fuels and the prediction of fuel properties in the future. This work summarized the effects of fuel composition and hydrocarbon molecular structure on the fuel physicochemical properties, including density, net heat of combustion (NHOC), low-temperature fluidity (viscosity and freezing point), flash point, and thermal-oxidative stability. Several correlations and predictions of fuel properties from chemical composition were reviewed. Additionally, we correlated the fuel properties with hydrogen/carbon molar ratios (nH/C) and molecular weight (M). The results from the least-square method implicate that the coupling of H/C molar ratio and M is suitable for the estimation of density, NHOC, viscosity and effectiveness for the design, manufacture, and evaluation of aviation hydrocarbon fuels.

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“…The branching effect on a hydrocarbon core, such as carbon chain length and carbon type, influences the oxidation stability characteristic, where the oxidation stability reduces with the carbon chain length, and the carbon type, where quaternary carbon > primary carbon > secondary carbon > tertiary carbon. , The worst oxidation stability of the tertiary carbon is due to the weaker C–H bond dissociation energy favoring hydrogen abstraction reactions, and the quaternary carbon is the most stable on which there is no more hydrogen atom to abstract . In order to minimize the tendency of oxidation, a molecular structure with more quaternary carbons and less tertiary carbons should be designed, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14,15 The worst oxidation stability of the tertiary carbon is due to the weaker C−H bond dissociation energy favoring hydrogen abstraction reactions, and the quaternary carbon is the most stable on which there is no more hydrogen atom to abstract. 16 In order to minimize the tendency of oxidation, a molecular structure with more quaternary carbons and less tertiary carbons should be designed, e.g., a fuel molecule with methyl substituents on the tertiary carbons of the polycyclic hydrocarbon core is expected to possess high oxidation stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regioselective Synthesis of Methyl-Substituted Adamantanes for Promoting Oxidation Stability of High-Density Fuels

et al. 2020

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Alkyl-adamantane fuels have drawn tremendous attention for aerospace vehicles due to their high density and high oxidation stability. Here, we reported a regioselective route to synthesize methyl-substituted adamantanes including 1,3,5-trimethyladamantane and 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-adamantane with single configuration via alkylation of 1,3-dimethyl-adamantane, with yields of ∼60 and ∼80%, respectively. The reaction kinetics of alkylation has been investigated, and the reaction rate constants and apparent activation energies were calculated based on the experimental kinetic data. The oxidation stability of methyl-substituted adamantane family were first evaluated via pressure differential scanning calorimetry and rapid small-scale oxidation test, and the results indicate that the oxidation stability is correlated to the carbon type available on the molecule in the order of 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-adamantane > 1,3,5-trimethyl-adamantane > 1,3-dimethyl-adamantane > 1-methyl-adamantane. Notably, 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-adamantane with four quaternary carbons and no tertiary carbon presents supreme oxidation stability than JP-10 and decalin. Finally, we used 1,3,5,7tetramethyl-adamantane as an additive and achieved in improving the oxidation stability of JP-10. This work presents methylsubstituted adamantanes as good high-density and high-oxidation-stability fuel components and suggests that methyl groups substituted on tertiary carbon of adamantane has a beneficial effect on improving oxidation stability.

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The oxidative stability of synthetic fuels and fuel blends with monoaromatic blending components

Cited by 11 publications

References 38 publications

Investigation of the Thermal Oxidation of Conventional and Alternate Aviation Fuels with Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography Accurate Mass Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Investigation of the Thermal Oxidation of Conventional and Alternate Aviation Fuels with Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography Accurate Mass Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Review on the Relationship Between Liquid Aerospace Fuel Composition and Their Physicochemical Properties

Regioselective Synthesis of Methyl-Substituted Adamantanes for Promoting Oxidation Stability of High-Density Fuels

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