The Oxford Handbook of Innovation

Abstract

summary of our research, we will first discuss the characteristics of innovative design needed to build a descriptive model, and propose the relevant definitions. We then analyze the factors that directly affect innovation through systems engineering. Finally we propose a prescriptive model of innovative design that can balance between control and innovation. What Is Innovative Design?Defining innovative design necessarily requires one to understand the concepts of innovation and design. Design has not been adequately defined: researchers agree that it is a process, but disagree on what kind of process it is. Some have considered it as a rational problem-solving process (Simon 1969), others as a reflective process (Schön 1983), and still others as an evolving process between knowledge and concept (Hatchuel and Weil 2003). There is more agreement about innovation, namely, that it consists of two components: creativity and implementation (Stamm 2008). Creativity refers to how to generate more and better ideas; implementation concerns how to translate the ideas into products.We can define innovative design, then, as some kind of process that applies a creative idea to create a product, process, or service for a customer and market. An innovative design should break away existing forms, and demonstrate three characteristics:1. Novelty. The result of innovative design is different from all previously existing products. 2. Value. The value of innovative design is related to a human purpose, and should be judged by the customer and society. 3. Commercialization. Innovative design is distinguished from the term creative design because it involves commercial transactions. Conceptual Model of Innovative DesignDifferent dimensions, such as organization, design process, and product and market context, influence the creative ability of innovative designers (Galanakis 2006). Based on Bonjour and Micaëlli's (2010) core competence framework for design, we propose a conceptual model to describe the links between key dimensions involved in innovative design (figure 1).In figure 1, knowledge plays a key role as the transformer that connects with other dimensions. The product should satisfy the goal of innovative designcreatively meeting customer demands and greatly improving the ability of innovation -and the innovative strategy of a company through existing and outside knowledge. The innovative design process provides the solution step by step with an iterative model, which improves efficiency and innovation. Design organizations carry out the design process and design tasks. The culture of an organization (such as shared Process Modeling in Innovative Design using Systems EngineeringQiang Zhang, qiang.zhang@insa-strasbourg.fr; Deniaud Ioana, deniaud@unistra.fr; Emmanuel Caillaud, emmanuel.caillaud@unistra.fr; and Claude Baron, claude.baron@insa-toulouse.fr Know le dge Product domainPr oduct R e quir me nt he emergence of ever more technically advanced customer needs, combined with exponentially growing competition on a global ran...

Brazilian Universities Incubators: A Panorama from Activities and GDP Perspective

“…In a holistic point of view, Fagerberg et al (2010) argue that the innovation must be understood as an attempt to try new or improved products, processes or ways of doing things that has directs effects into the performance of any organization. Though Schumpeter´s thesis has almost 100 years, innovations still have an important role in the economy development of numerous countries (Bukala, 2008) and it has become a powerful element to solve different issues in society (Fagerberg, 2006).…”

Winds of change: expanding renewable energies in developing countries

“…Such research includes identifying determinants that may exist in a number of actors such as firms, government organizations, knowledge generating organizations such as universities, the general public through norms and attitudes, or in the quality of institutions. Moreover, the barriers to transition towards RETs may exist between rather then simply within, in the form of insufficient links or communication between the various actor groups (Edquist 2001). This complexity is further exacerbated when considering that the 'right' or adequate set-up for technical transitions differs between nation states.…”

“…A manner of delimiting the boundary of the system under study, other than spatially (e.g., borders of nation) or by sector (e.g., specific technological field) is to 'simply' identify the activities or determinants that influence the development and utilization of an innovation (Edquist 2005). Delimiting a system of innovation by identifying all of its determinants may not be possible.…”

“…In fact, in Forrester's system dynamics, the relationships between the different elements are considered as vital to the configuration and behavior of any system as the actual elements (Meadows et al 1972). In addition, understanding the boundary of the system under study, i.e., where the system ends and where the remaining world continues, is essential for empirical studies to be undertaken (Edquist 2005). …”

“…19 Examples of functions that can be included in a TIS analysis include: Entrepreneurial Activities, Knowledge Development, Knowledge Diffusion, Guidance of the Search (expectations set by the government for new technologies), Market Formation, Resource Mobilization, and Creation of Legitimacy ). The many sets of system functions that have emerged over the past decade suggest that the TIS function approach is still in a developmental stage and continued improvements will be needed as the understanding of technological innovations advances (Edquist 2005).…”