The Ottoman Age of Exploration

Casale, Giancarlo

doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195377828.001.0001

Cited by 267 publications

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“…Instead, the Ottomans proposed a liveand-let-live system of trade in accord with the traditions of the region, but against those of European gunboat diplomacy. 38 The Mughal emperors, writes John Richards, "never considered or pursued expansion by sea. The culture of seafaring was completely foreign to the Mughal elite."…”

Section: Maritime Asiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Power and Profit at Sea: The Rise of the West in the Making of the International System

Sharman

2019

International Security

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The making of the international system from c. 1500 reflected distinctively maritime dynamics, especially “gunboat diplomacy,” or the use of naval force for commercial gain. Comparisons between civilizations and across time show, first, that gunboat diplomacy was peculiarly European and, second, that it evolved through stages. For the majority of the modern era, violence was central to the commercial strategies of European state, private, and hybrid actors alike in the wider world. In contrast, large and small non-Western polities almost never sought to advance mercantile aims through naval coercion. European exceptionalism reflected a structural trade deficit, regional systemic dynamics favoring armed trade, and mercantilist beliefs. Changes in international norms later restricted the practice of gunboat diplomacy to states, as private navies became illegitimate. More generally, a maritime perspective suggests the need for a reappraisal of fundamental conceptual divisions and shows how the capital- and technology-intensive nature of naval war allowed relatively small European powers to be global players. It also explains how European expansion and the creation of the first global international system was built on dominance at sea centuries before Europeans’ general military superiority on land.

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Section: Maritime Asiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Power and Profit at Sea: The Rise of the West in the Making of the International System

Sharman

2019

International Security

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“…The Portuguese threat in the Indian Ocean and their naval blockade of the holy cities brought the Ottomans into a new confrontation in the Red Sea. Thus, the Ottoman Empire also played a role in the age of explorations in an attempt to defy the Portuguese and ensure safe passage of its merchant ships between the Gulf and the Indian Ocean (Casale 2010).…”

Section: From Frontier Principality To Early Modern Empirementioning

confidence: 99%

Ottoman Empire

Özok-Gündoğan

2015

The Encyclopedia of Empire

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The Ottoman Empire was one of the world's longest enduring empires, ruling over three continents for more than six centuries from the late medieval era to the early 20th century. What we know as the Middle East today was almost entirely ruled by the Ottoman Empire until the creation of a nation‐state system in the region in the aftermath of World War I. With the conquest of Constantinople in the mid‐15th century, the Ottomans inherited the remnants of the Byzantine legacy to become one of the superpowers of the early modern world. For most of the empire's history, Ottoman governance of its diverse ethno‐religious groups was characterized by flexibility, adaptability, and constant negotiation, accounting for the longevity and durability of this gigantic territorial entity.

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“…2 Advancement of previous Ottoman scientific fields namely medicine, astronomy, mathematics, geography and manufacturing technology and emergence and development of new sciences such as music, cartography and navigation (Sari, 2014;Unat, 2014;Casale, 2010;Abbatouy, 2014;Ammalina & Roziah, 2014).…”

Section: Impact Of Ottoman Scientific Advancement Of Sultan Muhammad mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Ottoman Scientific Advancement in the Era of Sultan Muhammad al-Fatih (Mehmed the Conqueror) towards the Ottoman Scientific Zenith

Isa

Sidek²

2014

MJSS

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The Ottoman Age of Exploration

Cited by 267 publications

References 0 publications

Power and Profit at Sea: The Rise of the West in the Making of the International System

Power and Profit at Sea: The Rise of the West in the Making of the International System

Ottoman Empire

Impact of Ottoman Scientific Advancement in the Era of Sultan Muhammad al-Fatih (Mehmed the Conqueror) towards the Ottoman Scientific Zenith

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