The Origins of Behavior and Cognition in the Developing Brain

Developing “Vision-for-Learning” Competencies among Teachers in Tanzania <br/>—An Innovative Higher Education Initiative

“…Visual capacity develops throughout childhood and relies on stimulation (Black et al, 2008). Vision is therefore a learned process (Gislén et al, 2006;Huurneman et al, 2013;Cyvin & Wilhelmsen, 2008;Wilhelmsen et al, 2015) This indicates that all teachers need to be aware of the fact that vision is a learned process, that proper stimulation can support and influence this process and that teachers can learn to identify signs which may indicate that a child has visual problems.…”

Effects of massage on behavior of full-term newborns

“…13,14 The infant's first experiences play a major role in brain development. Neural connections are created or strengthened depending on the type and quality of experience.…”

“…8 early stimulation given to newborn will change the growth of the cells of the brain, improve adaptive behavior, and finally achieve the optimal development of their age. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Adaptive behavior as infant's ability to involve with environmental stimulus is examined using Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NbAS) or brazelton scale. 16 This adaptation behavior is important to newborn because it shows states of consciousness involving the cortical function.…”

Developmental examination: birth to 5 years

“…Child development is now seen as a bidirectional transactional process in which genetic and environmental influences continuously alter each other in a dynamic manner (figure 1). 11 12 Various levels of contexts such as parenting, poverty and social networks interact with each other and with genetic expression to create long-lasting consequences for development 13–15. Environmental factors become even more important determinants of the child's future in the presence of any biological risk.…”