The origin of volcano-tectonic earthquake swarms

Roman, Diana C.; Cashman, Katharine V.

doi:10.1130/g22269.1

Cited by 192 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…However, the fundamental processes related to preparatory and precursory stages of phreatic eruptions are poorly known. Because seismicity is one of the most powerful tools for identifying volcanic processes that could precede phreatic eruptions (e.g., Chouet 1996;Roman and Cashman 2006), it is essential to investigate the spatial-temporal evolution of earthquakes leading up to the 2014 phreatic eruption of Mount Ontake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparatory and precursory processes leading up to the 2014 phreatic eruption of Mount Ontake, Japan

et al. 2015

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We analyzed seismicity linked to the 2014 phreatic eruption of Mount Ontake, Japan, on 27 September 2014. We first relocated shallow volcano tectonic (VT) earthquakes and long-period (LP) events from August to September 2014. By applying a matched-filter technique to continuous waveforms using these relocated earthquakes, we detected numerous additional micro-earthquakes beneath the craters. The relocated VT earthquakes aligned on a near-vertical plane oriented NNW-SSE, suggesting they occurred around a conduit related to the intrusion of magmatic-hydrothermal fluids into the craters. The frequency of VT earthquakes gradually increased from 6 September 2014 and reached a peak on 11 September 2014. After the peak, seismicity levels remained elevated until the eruption. b-values gradually increased from 1.2 to 1.7 from 11 to 16 September 2014 then declined gradually and dropped to 0.8 just before the eruption. During the 10-min period immediately preceding the phreatic eruption, VT earthquakes migrated in the up-dip direction as well as laterally along the NNW-SSE feature. The migrating seismicity coincided with an accelerated increase of pre-eruptive tremor amplitude and with an anomalous tiltmeter signal that indicated summit upheaval. Therefore, the migrating seismicity suggests that the vertical conduit was filled with pressurized fluids, which rapidly propagated to the surface during the final 10 min before the eruption.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparatory and precursory processes leading up to the 2014 phreatic eruption of Mount Ontake, Japan

et al. 2015

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“…Unlike fault slip events, dike intrusion swarms lack a dominant, larger magnitude earthquake, and they have high event rates for much longer periods than those of comparable magnitude tectonic events (e.g., Tolstoy et al 2001, Dziak et al 2007). Theory and observations indicate that migrating seismicity marks inflation-induced tension ahead of a propagating crack, brittle failure above the dike, and/or tension within the wallrock the dike intrudes (e.g., Rubin & Gillard 1998, Roman & Cashman 2006. Dike-propagation direction and distance largely depend on the predike level of stress ; solidification time depends on the depth extent of the dike (Fialko & Rubin 1998.…”

Section: Insarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Length and Timescales of Rift Faulting and Magma Intrusion: The Afar Rifting Cycle from 2005 to Present

Ebinger

Ayele

Keir

et al. 2010

Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.

171

163

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Although fault and magmatic processes have achieved plate spreading at mid-ocean ridges throughout Earth's history, discrete rifting episodes have rarely been observed. This paper synthesizes ongoing seismic, structural, space-based geodetic, and petrologic studies from the subaerial Red Sea rift in Ethiopia where a major rifting episode commenced in September 2005. Our aims are to determine the length and timescales of magmatism and faulting, the partitioning of strain between faulting and magmatism, and their implications for the maintenance of along-axis segmentation. Most of the magma for the initial and subsequent 12 intrusions was sourced from the center of the Dabbahu-Manda Hararo rift segment. Strain is accommodated primarily by axial dike intrusions fed from mid-segment magma chamber(s). These findings show that episodic (approximate century interval), rapid opening of discrete rift segments is the primary mechanism of plate boundary deformation. The scale (∼65 km × 8 km) and intensity of crustal deformation (∼6 m), as well as the volume of intrusive and extrusive magmatism (>3 km 3 ), provokes a re-evaluation of seismic and volcanic hazards in subaerial rift zones.

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“…They are originated by shear failure caused by stress build-up and resulting slip on a fault plane (Chouet and Matoza 2013). Stresses may be induced by dike propagation, as indicated by propagating hypocenters and fault-plane solutions reflecting regional stresses, or stresses induced by dike inflation, indicated by randomly distributed hypocenters and fault-plane solutions with pressure axes rotated ∼ 90 • C to regional maximum compression (Roman and Cashman 2006). They are characterized by sharp, mostly impulsive onsets of P-and S-waves, with typically broad spectra extending up to 15 Hz (Lahr et al 1994).…”

Section: Volcano-tectonic Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kawah Ijen volcanic activity: a review

et al. 2015

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Kawah Ijen is a composite volcano located at the easternmost part of Java island in Indonesia and hosts the largest natural acidic lake in the world. We have gathered all available historical reports on Kawah Ijen's activity since 1770 with the purpose of reviewing the temporal evolution of its activity. Most of these observations and studies have been conducted from a geochemical perspective and in punctuated scientific campaigns. Starting in 1991, the seismic activity and a set of volcanic lake parameters began to be weekly available. We present a database of those measurements that, combined with historical reports, allow us to review each eruption/unrest that occurred during the last two centuries. As of 2010, the volcanic activity is monitored by a new multi-disciplinary network, including digital seismic stations, and lake level and temperature measurements. This detailed monitoring provides an opportunity for better Editorial responsibility: G. Giordano C. Caudron ( ) ·

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The origin of volcano-tectonic earthquake swarms

Cited by 192 publications

References 26 publications

Preparatory and precursory processes leading up to the 2014 phreatic eruption of Mount Ontake, Japan

Preparatory and precursory processes leading up to the 2014 phreatic eruption of Mount Ontake, Japan

Length and Timescales of Rift Faulting and Magma Intrusion: The Afar Rifting Cycle from 2005 to Present

Kawah Ijen volcanic activity: a review

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