The origin of the blastema and of new tissues in regenerating forelimbs of adult Triturus viridescens viridescens (Rafinesque)

Forelimb regeneration from different levels of amputation in the newt,Notophthalmus viridescens: Length, rate, and stages

“…To facilitate the accurate monitoring of these three phases of regeneration, we I established a series of normal stages based on morphological and histological characteristics. In general, these normal stages supplement previous descriptions of adult newt limb regeneration (l~ose, 1948;Singer and Craven, 1948;Singer, 1952;Schott6 and Hall, 1952;Manner, 1953;Cha]kley, 1954;Schmidt, 1958a, b;Liversage and Scadding, 1969;Pritchett and Dent, 1972).…”

HISTOCHEMICAL AND ELECTROPHORETIC STUDIES OF ESTERASE IN THE REGENERATING FORELIMB OF THE ADULT NEWT, TRITURUS PYRRHOGASTER

“…In the regeneration of amphibian limbs, the blastema cells are derived from the adult tissue cells such as muscle, cartilage and connective tissue, which lose their original specific morphology and dedifferentiate into cells of mesenchymal feature (HAY, 1962;MANNER, 1953;THORNTON, 1938). All these cells look homogeneous and it is hardly possible to identify their respective origin even under electron microscope (HAY.…”

“…In the course of regeneration of the urodelen limb and tail, muscle and cartilage lose their characteristic morphology and transform into the mesenchymal blastema cells to accumulate at the tip of regeneration stump (THORNTON, 1938;MANNER, 1953). Such a process of morphological dedifferentiation was often considered to be a return of such cells to an embryonic state.…”

Scanning electron microscopy of the normal and denervated limb regenerate in the newt, Notophthalmus, including observations on embryonic amphibian limb‐bud mesenchyme and blastemas of fish‐fin regenerates

“…The blastema cells of the urodelan limb regenerate have been the subject of numerous morphological descriptions, first using light microscopy (Butler, 1933; Thornton, 1938 a, b;Chalkley, 1954;Manner, 1953; Iten and Bryant, 1973 among others) and more recently the transmission electron microscope (TEM) (Hay, 1966;Salpeter and Singer, 1960;Norman and Schmidt, 1967;Bryant et al, 1971). From the results of those investigations, various opinions emerged suggesting that the blastema cells constitute either a homogeneous population of somewhat stellate, fibroblast-like cells or a heterogeneous one.…”