The orbitofrontal cortex represents advantageous choice in the Iowa gambling task

Zha, Rujing; Li, Peng; Liu, Ying; Alarefi, Abdulqawi; Zhang, Xiaochu; Li, Jun

doi:10.1002/hbm.25887

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…Specifically, increased age was correlated with reduced activity in the SMA, MFC, SMFC, OFC, and LG, which confirmed our findings in the ANOVA. Consistently, recent studies reported a critical role of the OFC/vmPFC and dorsolateral PFC in modulating young and older adults’ IGT performance ( Rogalsky et al, 2012 ; Tannou et al, 2021 ; Zha et al, 2022a ). Furthermore, brain activations in the MFC and SMFC were positively correlated with CDS, and mediated the relationships between age and task performance in high punishment frequency.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Aging-related changes in reward-based decision-making depend on punishment frequency: An fMRI study

Ren

Luo²,

Huang³

et al. 2023

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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IntroductionAging is often accompanied by significant cognitive decline and altered decision making. Previous studies have found that older adults have difficulty in processing reward/risk information, leading to suboptimal decision strategy. However, it is still under investigated about the neural substrates of risky decision-making under ambiguity in aging.MethodsUsing the Iowa Gambling Task, the current study investigated inter-individual differences of risk-taking behaviors in healthy older adults with task-related functional magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsIt was found that participants were able to improve their decisions in advantageous decks, but failed to avoid disadvantageous decks during task performance. The task-related activations within multiple brain regions were observed significantly different across the four decks, and showed negative correlations with age in disadvantageous decks but not in advantageous decks. Consistently, age-related whole brain analyses confirmed the negative age-effect on brain activations in disadvantageous decks, especially in high punishment frequency. In addition, the relationship between age and task performance in high punishment frequency was mediated by activation in the frontal subregions such as the middle frontal cortex and superior medial frontal cortex.DiscussionOur findings shed light on the neural substrates of altered risk-taking behaviors in aging, suggesting a greater sensitivity to high punishment frequency in older adults.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Aging-related changes in reward-based decision-making depend on punishment frequency: An fMRI study

Ren

Luo²,

Huang³

et al. 2023

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…We conceptualize that the presence of macroscopic infarcts (as well as AD pathology) impacts these brain networks and degrades specific abilities that may heighten vulnerability to scams. Neuroimaging studies have identified several interacting brain regions within, or highly connected to the frontal lobe, a brain region particularly vulnerable to infarcts (strokes) and β-amyloid pathology in early stages of AD, are likely involved in economic decision-making and socioemotional abilities . Findings from the current study also provides support for a frontal lobe involvement toward decision-making.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Association of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Pathologies With Scam Susceptibility in Older Adults

Kapasi

Schneider

et al. 2023

JAMA Neurol

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ImportanceScam susceptibility is associated with adverse financial and health outcomes, including an increased risk of cognitive decline and dementia. Very little is known about the role of cerebrovascular pathologies with scam susceptibility.ObjectiveTo examine the association of diverse cerebrovascular pathologies (globally and regionally) with scam susceptibility.Design, setting, and ParticipantsThis clinical-pathological cohort study included participants from 2 ongoing studies of aging that began enrollment in 1994 and 1997. In 2010, participants were enrolled in the decision-making and behavioral economics substudy and were followed up for a mean (SD) of 3.4 (2.6) years prior to death. From 1365 older persons with clinical evaluations, 69 were excluded for having dementia at baseline. From 538 older persons who died, 408 had annual assessments for scam susceptibility, cardiovascular risk burden, and cognitive function and consented to brain donation for detailed neuropathologic examination. Data were analyzed from June 2021 through September 2022.ExposuresNeuropathologic examination identified the presence of macroscopic and microscopic infarcts, atherosclerosis, arteriolosclerosis, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and common neurodegenerative pathologies (Alzheimer disease, limbic-predominant age-related transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 encephalopathy, and Lewy bodies).ResultsThere was a total of 408 participants. The mean (SD) age at death was 91 (6.1) years, the mean (SD) amount of education was 15.6 (3.1) years, and 297 (73%) were women. Participants included 4 Latino individuals (1%), 7 non-Latino Black individuals (2%), and 397 non-Latino White individuals (97%). The frequency of participants with macroscopic infarcts was 38% (n = 154), microinfarcts was 40% (n = 163), and moderate to severe vessel disease; specifically, atherosclerosis was 20% (n = 83), arteriolosclerosis was 25% (n = 100), and cerebral amyloid angiopathy was 35% (n = 143). In linear regression models adjusted for demographics and neurodegenerative pathologies, macroscopic infarcts were associated with greater scam susceptibility (estimate [SE], 0.18 [0.07]; P = .009). This association persisted after adjusting for cardiovascular risk burden and global cognition. Regionally, infarcts localized to the frontal, temporal, and occipital lobes and thalamus were associated with greater scam susceptibility. Neither arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, nor microinfarcts were associated with scam susceptibility.Conclusions and RelevanceCerebrovascular pathologies, specifically cerebral infarcts, is linked with greater scam susceptibility in older adults, independent of common neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease. Future studies examining in vivo magnetic resonance imaging markers of cerebrovascular pathologies with scam susceptibility and related decision-making outcomes will be important.

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“…The card game test is an adaptation of the Iowa Gambling test and assesses the ability to detect and avoid risky selections and to detect and maintain good selections. Several studies have found this test to be associated with OFC and mPFC (Bolla et al, 2004;Aram et al, 2019;Zha et al, 2022). On the other hand, the maze test assesses the ability to plan, respect limits, and follow the rules.…”

Section: Measures Neuropsychological Battery Of Executive Functions A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The moderating role of sex in the relationship between executive functions and academic procrastination in undergraduate students

Vilca

2022

Front. Psychol.

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The objective of the study was to determine if sex plays a moderating role in the relationship between executive functions and academic procrastination in 106 university students of both genders (28.3% male and 71.7% female) between the ages of 18 and 30 years (M = 19.7; SD = 2.7). The Academic Procrastination Scale and the Neuropsychological Battery of Executive Functions and Frontal Lobes (BANFE-2) were used to measure the variables. The results of the study showed that the degree of prediction of the tasks linked to the orbitomedial cortex (involves the orbitofrontal cortex [OFC] and the medial prefrontal cortex [mPFC]) on academic procrastination is significantly moderated by the sex of the university students (β3 = 0.53; p < 0.01). For men, the estimated effect of the tasks linked to the orbitomedial cortex on the degree of academic procrastination is −0.81. For women, the estimated effect of the tasks linked to the orbitomedial cortex on the degree of academic procrastination is −0.28. In addition, it was shown that sex does not play a moderating role in the relationship between the tasks linked to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and academic procrastination (β3 = 0.12; p > 0.05). It was also determined that sex does not play a moderating role in the relationship between the tasks linked to the anterior prefrontal cortex (aPFC) and academic procrastination (β3 = 0.05; p > 0.05). It is concluded that only the executive functions associated with the orbitomedial cortex are moderated by the sex of the university students, where the impact of the tasks linked to the orbitomedial cortex on academic procrastination in men is significantly greater than in women.

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The orbitofrontal cortex represents advantageous choice in the Iowa gambling task

Cited by 14 publications

References 102 publications

Aging-related changes in reward-based decision-making depend on punishment frequency: An fMRI study

Aging-related changes in reward-based decision-making depend on punishment frequency: An fMRI study

Association of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Pathologies With Scam Susceptibility in Older Adults

The moderating role of sex in the relationship between executive functions and academic procrastination in undergraduate students

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