The orbitofrontal cortex in methamphetamine addiction: involvement in fear

Goldstein, Rita Z.; Volkow, Nora D.; Chang, Linda; Wang, Gene‐Jack; Fowler, Joanna S.; Depue, Richard A.; Gur, Ruben C.

doi:10.1097/00001756-200212030-00017

Cited by 26 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In particular, the latter correlation suggests that hyposensitivity to reward in the PFC mediates the reduced self-control reported by the cocaine abusers (Table 2, a significant between group difference in variable 5). This result is consistent with the role of the PFC in control of behavior as previously reviewed (1,33) and with prior research in our laboratory pointing to an association between the PFC and inhibitory control in drug addiction (34)(35)(36). Our current results for the first time highlight the role of neural sensitivity to reward in trait inhibitory control.…”

Section: Goal 3 the Lateral Pfc In Trait Self-control In Drug Addictionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Is Decreased Prefrontal Cortical Sensitivity to Monetary Reward Associated With Impaired Motivation and Self-Control in Cocaine Addiction?

Goldstein¹

2007

Am J Psychiatry

128

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Objective-To examine the brain's sensitivity to monetary rewards of different magnitudes in cocaine abusers and to study its association with motivation and self-control.Method-Sixteen cocaine abusers and 13 matched healthy comparison subjects performed a forcedchoice task under three monetary value conditions while brain activation was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Objective measures of state motivation were assessed by reaction time and accuracy, and subjective measures were assessed by self-reports of task engagement. Measures of trait motivation and self-control were assessed with the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire.Results-The cocaine abusers demonstrated an overall reduced regional brain responsivity to differences between the monetary value conditions. Also, in comparison subjects but not in cocaine abusers reward-induced improvements in performance were associated with self-reports of task engagement, and money-induced activations in the lateral prefrontal cortex were associated with activations in the orbitofrontal cortex. For cocaine subjects, prefrontal cortex sensitivity to money was instead associated with motivation and self-control.Conclusions-These findings suggest that in cocaine addiction (1) activation of the corticolimbic reward circuit to gradations of money is altered; (2) lack of a correlation between objective and subjective measures of state motivation may be indicative of disrupted perception of motivational drive, which could contribute to impairments in self-control; and (3) the lateral prefrontal cortex modulates trait motivation and deficits in self-control, and a possible underlying mechanism may encompass a breakdown in prefrontal-orbitofrontal cortical communication.

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Section: Goal 3 the Lateral Pfc In Trait Self-control In Drug Addictionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Is Decreased Prefrontal Cortical Sensitivity to Monetary Reward Associated With Impaired Motivation and Self-Control in Cocaine Addiction?

Goldstein¹

2007

Am J Psychiatry

128

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“…Other research studies were found which also supported the idea of fear and addiction being linked physiologically [14][15][16] . Fear has been shown to be physiologically related to addiction in the prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortexes of the brain, but also has many psychological components in the addicted person.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Emerging from the darkness and stepping into the light: Implementing an understanding of the experience of nurse addiction into nursing education

Burton

2014

JNEP

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Abuse of drugs and alcohol occurs across all cultures, generations, and occupations, including nursing. Nurse addiction is a topic of serious concern that is often dismissed or ignored in the profession. Impaired nurses can become dysfunctional in their ability to provide safe, appropriate patient care. This qualitative study explored the lived experience of nurses who have been addicted to substances. Knowledge of this phenomenon may help guide nurses, nurse educators, and nursing students more accurately understand the reality of substance use disorder in the profession. In this qualitative study, 14 nurse addicts in recovery were interviewed about their experiences and risk perceptions. Analysis was conducted through coding, the identification of meanings and themes, and the use of qualitative research software. Five themes were identified from the study: (a) Fear was a significant part of the experience of being a nurse who was addicted; (b) Shame and guilt were felt by nurses who were addicted; (c) Poor coping: Addicted nurses reported having underdeveloped coping skills; (d) Control: Addicted nurses felt an increased need to control their environments; and (e) A core problem inherent in nurses who were addicted was a belief that addiction would never happen to them. Discussion of the five identified themes was followed by a discussion about addiction risk, prevention, and suggestions for application in nursing education. Participants discussed their experience with nurse addiction in their nursing education experiences and offered suggestions for more effective ways to teach the subject in nursing school. Implications for nursing education were then discussed, including using peer educators, namely, recovering nurse addicts, as teachers of this subject. Implications for nurses globally are presented. Finally, the overall theme identified was that addicted nurses often felt misunderstood and judged, and they desired to be accepted among others in the profession.

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“…Importantly, these abnormalities in PFC activity appear to be common across various drug addictions (incl. cocaine, methamphetamine, alcohol, cannabis, heroin and dissociative anesthetics), as well as across such non-drug addictions as gambling, and correlate with self-reports of "craving" and impairments in self-control in addicted individuals [6,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Homers regulate drug-induced neuroplasticity: Implications for addiction

Szumlinski

Ary

Lominac

2008

Biochemical Pharmacology

118

160

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Drug addiction is a chronic, relapsing disorder, characterized by an uncontrollable motivation to seek and use drugs. Converging clinical and preclinical observations implicate pathologies within the corticolimbic glutamate system in the genetic predisposition to, and the development of, an addicted phenotype. Such observations pose cellular factors regulating glutamate transmission as likely molecular candidates in the etiology of addiction. Members of the Homer family of proteins regulate signal transduction through, and the trafficking of, glutamate receptors, as well as maintain and regulate extracellular glutamate levels in corticolimbic brain regions. This review summarizes the existing data implicating the Homer family of protein in acute behavioral and neurochemical sensitivity to drugs of abuse, the development of drug-induced neuroplasticity, as well as other behavioral and cognitive pathologies associated with an addicted state.

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The orbitofrontal cortex in methamphetamine addiction: involvement in fear

Cited by 26 publications

References 18 publications

Is Decreased Prefrontal Cortical Sensitivity to Monetary Reward Associated With Impaired Motivation and Self-Control in Cocaine Addiction?

Is Decreased Prefrontal Cortical Sensitivity to Monetary Reward Associated With Impaired Motivation and Self-Control in Cocaine Addiction?

Emerging from the darkness and stepping into the light: Implementing an understanding of the experience of nurse addiction into nursing education

Homers regulate drug-induced neuroplasticity: Implications for addiction

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