The oral bacterial microbiome of occlusal surfaces in children and its association with diet and caries

Abstract

Dental caries is the most prevalent disease in humans globally. Efforts to control it have been invigorated by an increasing knowledge of the oral microbiome composition. This study aimed to evaluate the bacterial diversity in occlusal biofilms and its relationship with clinical surface diagnosis and dietary habits. Anamneses were recorded from thirteen 12-year-old children. Biofilm samples collected from occlusal surfaces of 46 permanent second molars were analyzed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing combined with the BLASTN-based search algorithm for species identification. The overall mean decayed, missing and filled surfaces modified index [DMFSm Index, including active white spot lesions (AWSL)] value was 8.77±7.47. Biofilm communities were highly polymicrobial collectively, representing 10 bacterial phyla, 25 classes, 29 orders, 58 families, 107 genera, 723 species. Streptococcus sp_Oral_Taxon_065, Corynebacterium matruchotii, Actinomyces viscosus, Actinomyces sp_Oral_Taxon_175, Actinomyces sp_Oral_Taxon_178, Actinomyces sp_Oral_Taxon_877, Prevotella nigrescens, Dialister micraerophilus, Eubacterium_XI G 1 infirmum were more abundant among surfaces with AWSL, and Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus sp._Oral_Taxon_058, Enterobacter sp._str._638 Streptococcus australis, Yersinia mollaretii, Enterobacter cloacae, Streptococcus sp._Oral_Taxon_71, Streptococcus sp._Oral_Taxon_F11, Centipeda sp._Oral_Taxon_D18 were more abundant among sound surfaces. Streptococcus mutans was detected on all surfaces in all patients, while Streptococcus sobrinus was detected only in three patients (mean relative abundances 7.1% and 0.6%, respectively). Neither species differentiated healthy from diseased sites. Diets of nine of the subjects were scored as high in fermentable carbohydrates (≧2X/day between meals). A direct association between relative abundances of bacteria and carbohydrate consumption was observed among 18 species. High consumption of fermentable carbohydrates and sound surfaces were associated with a reduction in bacterial diversity. PCoA plots displayed differences in bacterial community profiles between sound and diseased surfaces. Our study showed that, in addition to mutans streptococci, other species may be associated with the initiation of dental caries on occlusal surfaces, and that biofilm diversity of tooth surfaces is influenced by carbohydrate consumption and a surface’s health status.

Mutational effects on carbapenem hydrolysis of YEM-1, a new sub-class B2 metallo-β-lactamase from Yersinia mollaretii

“…In conclusion, Y. mollaretii produces two β-lactamases potentially able to exhibit a resistance profile covering a large panel of β-lactam antibiotics. In 2017, Ribeiro et al (29) showed the presence of Y. mollaretii in the biofilm composition isolated in children dental carie. Therefore, the presence of β-lactamase genes in the opportunist strain Y. mollaretii should be not underestimated.…”

Effects of Cariogenic Bacteria and Sealant Evaluated by International Caries Detection Assessment System

“…However, little information is available about which tooth surface is tended to be affected by these cariogenic bacteria. By the recent advances of metagenome analysis, microbiome analysis had shown that S. mutans was detected on all surfaces in all patients and Lactobacilli were predominant at order levels [49]. High levels of S. mutans in saliva were correlated with proximal caries and high levels of LB were correlated with smooth-surface caries, and correlated significantly with occlusal caries [50].…”

“…Lactobacilli has strong acid production ability [11]. Occlusal surfaces in children are affected by oral bacterial microbiome [12]. However, teeth are consisted of four or five surfaces.…”

Oral and Systemic Effects of Xylitol Consumption

“…But after 6 months, when the child starts eating solid foods, the mother's xylitol gum chewing may have a very little impact on the child's oral microbiome. It is well known that the microbial community evolves with the available substrates and the diet, as shown in the gut microbiome [David et al, 2014;Vieira et al, 2014] as well as in the oral cavity [Ribeiro et al, 2017]. Interestingly, the time frame of solid food introduction coincided with the reported colonization of S. mutans in 20% of infants aged 6-9 months [Mohan et al, 1998].…”