The optimal true ileal digestible lysine and threonine requirement for nursery pigs between 25 and 55 lb (2003)

Lenehan, N.A.; Usry, J. L.; Hastad, C.W.; Barker, M.R.; Frantz, N.Z.; Groesbeck, C.N.; James, B.W.; Keegan, T.P.; Lawrence, Kenneth; Young, Matthew J.; Tokach, Michael D.; Goodband, Robert D.; Nelssen, Jim L.; DeRouchey, Joel M.; Dritz, Steven S.

doi:10.4148/2378-5977.6844

Cited by 3 publications

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“…Data on this figure reflects how UN levels are negatively correlated to ADG (Pearson Correlation Coefficient [PCC] = −0.98; p < 0.05) and positively correlated to FCR (PCC = 0.81; p < 0.05). Along this same line, Figure 3 ( n = 2154 animals) shows the linear relationship between UN and FCR obtained in different trials in growing pigs [ 65 , 66 , 73 , 75 , 76 , 78 ]. As it has been shown in rabbits, UN levels in pigs are positively correlated to FCR (PCC = 0.70; p < 0.05).…”

Section: Use Of Urea Nitrogen To Detect Amino Acid Imbalancesmentioning

confidence: 66%

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Urea Nitrogen Metabolite Can Contribute to Implementing the Ideal Protein Concept in Monogastric Animals

Marín-García

Llobat

López-Luján

et al. 2022

Animals

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The ideal protein concept refers to dietary protein with an amino acid profile that exactly meets an animal’s requirement. Low-quality protein levels in the diet have negative implications for productive and reproductive traits, and a protein oversupply is energetically costly and leads to an excessive N excretion, with potentially negative environmental impact. Urea Nitrogen (UN), which corresponds to the amount of nitrogen in the form of urea circulating in the bloodstream, is a metabolite that has been widely used to detect amino acid imbalances and deficiencies and protein requirements. This review aims to critically analyse how UN can contribute to accurately implementing the ideal protein concept in monogastric animals, particularly in pig, poultry, and rabbit nutrition (14,000 animals from 76 published trials). About 59, 37, and 4% of trials have been conducted in pigs, poultry, and rabbits, respectively. UN level was negatively correlated to main performance traits (Pearson Correlation Coefficient [PCC] of −0.98 and −0.76, for average daily gain and feed conversion ratio, respectively), and lower UN level was related to higher milk yield and concentration. High level of UN was positively correlated to N excretion (PCC = 0.99) and negatively correlated to protein retention (PCC = −0.99). Therefore, UN in blood seems to be a proper indicator of amino acid imbalance in monogastric animals. Great variability in the use of UN was observed in the literature, including uses as determination medium (blood, plasma, or serum), units, and feeding system used (ad libitum or restricted), among others. A standardization of the methods in each of the species, with the aim to harmonize comparison among works, is suggested. After review, UN measurement in plasma and, whenever possible, the utilization of the same nutritional methodology (ad libitum conditions or restriction with blood sampling after refeeding at standardised time) are recommended. More studies are necessary to know the potential of UN and other bioindicators for amino acid deficiencies evaluation to get closer to the ideal protein concept.

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Section: Use Of Urea Nitrogen To Detect Amino Acid Imbalancesmentioning

confidence: 66%

“… Relationship of plasmatic urea nitrogen (PUN) with feed conversion ratio. Data obtained from four published studies in growing pigs [ 65 , 66 , 73 , 75 , 76 , 78 ]. …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Urea Nitrogen Metabolite Can Contribute to Implementing the Ideal Protein Concept in Monogastric Animals

Marín-García

Llobat

López-Luján

et al. 2022

Animals

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“…For this reason, there are many trials that try to relate the essential amino acid profile in the optimization both productive and reproductive traits, and some are developed below. Some works have studied the effects of lysine [ 25 , 33 , 34 ], methionine [ 35 ], arginine, and other essential amino acids [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ] in several productive traits, like life weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, retention, or digestion. These results are explained by the greater availability of both protein and energy that allows the animals to optimize their productive traits.…”

Section: Nutrition In Pigsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Does Protein Nutrition Affect the Epigenetic Changes in Pig? A Review

Marín-Garcia

Llobat

2021

Animals

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Epigenetic changes regulate gene expression and depend of external factors, such as environment and nutrition. In pigs, several studies on protein nutrition have been performed to improve productive and reproductive traits. Indeed, these studies aimed not only to determine broad protein requirements but also pigs’ essential amino acids requirements. Moreover, recent studies tried to determine these nutritional requirements for each individual, which is known as protein precision nutrition. However, nutritional changes could affect different epigenetic mechanisms, modifying metabolic pathways both in a given individual and its offspring. Modifications in protein nutrition, such as change in the amino acid profile, increase or decrease in protein levels, or the addition of metabolites that condition protein requirements, could affect the regulation of some genes, such as myostatin, insulin growth factor, or genes controlling cholesterol and glucose metabolism pathways. This review summarizes the impact of most common protein nutritional strategies on epigenetic changes and describes their effects on regulation of gene expression in pigs. In a context where animal nutrition is shifting towards precision protein nutrition (PPN), further studies evaluating the effects of PPN on animal epigenetic are necessary.

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Lysine requirement of weaned piglets

Goethals,

Bikker,

Rijpert

et al. 2024

animal

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The optimal true ileal digestible lysine and threonine requirement for nursery pigs between 25 and 55 lb (2003)

Abstract: The optimal true ileal digestible lysine and threonine requirement for nursery pigs The optimal true ileal digestible lysine and threonine requirement for nursery pigs between 25 and 55 lb between 25 and 55 lb

Cited by 3 publications

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Urea Nitrogen Metabolite Can Contribute to Implementing the Ideal Protein Concept in Monogastric Animals

Urea Nitrogen Metabolite Can Contribute to Implementing the Ideal Protein Concept in Monogastric Animals

How Does Protein Nutrition Affect the Epigenetic Changes in Pig? A Review

Lysine requirement of weaned piglets

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