The Optical Design of Miniaturized Microscope Objective for CARS Imaging Catheter with Fiber Bundle

Abstract

In coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy reported until now, conventional microscope objectives are used, so that they are limited for introduction into a living body. Gradient-index (GRIN) rod lenses might be a solution for miniaturized microscope objectives for in-vivo CARS microscopy. However, due to the inherent large amount of chromatic aberration, GRIN rod lenses cannot be utilized for this purpose. CARS imaging catheter, composed of miniaturized microscope objective and fiber bundle, can be introduced into a living body for minimally invasive diagnosis. In order to design the catheter, we have to first investigate design requirements. And then, the optical design is processed with design strategies and intensive computing power to achieve the design requirements. We report the miniaturized objective lens system with diffraction-limited performance and completely corrected chromatic aberrations for an in-vivo CARS imaging catheter.

Forming a Fresnel Zone Lens: Effects of Photoresist on Digital-micromirror-device Maskless Lithography with Grayscale Exposure

“…Because grayscale values determine the final depth after development, any errors in the parameters cause considerable losses and negatively affect three-dimensional formability analysis. Thus, many optical lenses require a sample to test the optical quality after design and simulation [17][18][19][20]. A maskless lithography system can substantially reduce the cost and time required for grayscale lithography.…”

Non-imaging Optical Design of a Measurement Probe for LCD Display Used in a Color Analyzer

“…In order to achieve this purpose, color analyzer needs optical design with non-imaging treatment for gathering and illuminating colored lights within a small area on the sensor [6][7] . While optical designs were mostly reported on imaging optical system [8][9][10] , this study is willing to introduce how to design non-imaging optics by the analytical treatment using Gaussian (or paraxial) optics [11][12][13] . And then an obtained design from the analytical treatment is proceeded to be confirmed and completed by means of commercial software such as CODE V [14] and Light-Tools [15] .…”

Achromatic miniature lens system for coherent Raman scattering microscopy

“…The necessity to minimize chromatic aberrations puts particular constrains on the lens design, requiring design parameters that are currently not trivially met in GRIN lens systems. [30] In terms of suppressing chromatic distortions in practice, multi-lens systems exhibit more flexibility as additional lenses can be incorporated to reach acceptable levels of achromaticity. [30] Concurrently, the lens system needs to be designed for use in aqueous media, exhibit a high NA, feature an acceptable field of view and its physical dimensions should be compatible with the use of a small fiber-coupled probe.…”

“…[30] In terms of suppressing chromatic distortions in practice, multi-lens systems exhibit more flexibility as additional lenses can be incorporated to reach acceptable levels of achromaticity. [30] Concurrently, the lens system needs to be designed for use in aqueous media, exhibit a high NA, feature an acceptable field of view and its physical dimensions should be compatible with the use of a small fiber-coupled probe. Despite significant advances made in this area, the performance of miniature lenses for CRS imaging has been inferior to the performance of commercially available, aberration-corrected microscope objectives.…”