The Optical Aspect of Errors in Measurements of Surface Asperities Using the Optical Profilometry Method

Grochalski, Karol; Wieczorowski, Michał; H’roura, Jihad; Goïc, Gaëtan Le

doi:10.3389/fmech.2020.00012

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Feature parameters characterize geometrical properties of motifs which may be associated with craters or dales created by electric discharge. Functional parameters allow to characterize geometric parameter—volume of the void and material with respect to surface core, peaks or valleys, what might be associated with craters [ 40 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Surface Microgeometry Created by Electric Discharge Machining

et al. 2020

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The objective of this work is to study the geometric properties of surface topographies of hot-work tool steel created by electric discharge machining (EDM) using motif and multiscale analysis. The richness of these analyses is tested through calculating the strengths of the correlations between discharge energies and resulting surface characterization parameters, focusing on the most representative surface features—craters, and how they change with scale. Surfaces were created by EDM using estimated energies from 150 to 9468 µJ and measured by focus variation microscope. The measured topographies consist of overlapping microcraters, of which the geometry was characterized using three different analysis: conventional with ISO parameters, and motif and multiscale curvature tensor analysis. Motif analysis uses watershed segmentation which allows extraction and geometrically characterization of each crater. Curvature tensor analysis focuses on the characterization of principal curvatures and their function and their evolution with scale. Strong correlations (R2 > 0.9) were observed between craters height, diameter, area and curvature using linear and logarithmic regressions. Conventional areal parameter related to heights dispersion were found to correlate stronger using logarithmic regression. Geometric characterization of process-specific topographic formations is considered to be a natural and intuitive way of analyzing the complexity of studied surfaces. The presented approach allows extraction of information directly relating to the shape and size of topographic features of interest. In the tested conditions, the surface finish is mostly affected and potentially controlled by discharge energy at larger scales which is associated with sizes of fabricated craters.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Surface Microgeometry Created by Electric Discharge Machining

et al. 2020

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“…In the case where contact stylus profilometry is either difficult or is not a preferred method, then contactless technology, such as confocal or interferometric is used. This was reported by many researchers, including De Groot [14], Foreman et al [15], Gomez et al [16], Kucharski et al [17] and Grochalski et al [18]. The issues related to non-contact surface measurement versus stylus measurements were presented e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Differences in Roughness Parameter Values from Skid and Skidless Contact Stylus Profilometers

Grochalski¹,

Mendak²,

Jakubowicz³

et al. 2021

Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J.

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Contact stylus profilometry is the leading surface texture measuring method in many manufacturing industries. For years it has been unmatched in terms of accuracy and reliability. Advancements in technology have led to the improvements in the profilometer design. A stylus can either have a built in skid or be skidless. In this study, the influence of skid on the measurement accuracy and repeatability was evaluated. Four different contact stylus profilometers were used to measure three standard roughness artifacts each. Every set of measurements consisted of 50 repetitions of the same profile, with the same parameters. Out of these profiles, five roughness parameters were calculated and were subjected to a statistical analysis. Relative errors of these parameters were also considered and presented individually for each roughness standard. Researchers found differences in the measurement results dispersion of various roughness parameters between the three roughness standards. The presented results of the measurements clearly indicated that there is a dispersion of the obtained values for the older type of contact stylus profilometer (P1, skid). The skidless portable devices, P2 and P3, have better measurement resolution, which results in a noticeably lower dispersion of measured values. A tabletop, stationary device utilizes a skidless measuring probe. It has both the best resolution and the highest rigidity, which results in the lowest dispersion of measured values. The lowest relative error of the Ra parameter was determined for the P2 device (9.2%) and the highest was determined for the P3 device (72.6%).

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“…There are many methods for measuring surface topography, divided into two main groups: contact and contactless. Since it is difficult to achieve consistency between methods using different physical principles [ 30 ], it was decided to use a focus variation microscope with an appropriately selected lighting system [ 31 ], as shown in Figure 2 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frictional Properties of the TiNbTaZrO Orthodontic Wire—A Laboratory Comparison to Popular Archwires

et al. 2021

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Background. This study aimed to determine the kinetic frictional force (FF) of the recently produced TiNbTaZrO (Gummetal) orthodontic wire and compare it to the widely used wires of stainless steel (SS), nickel-titanium (NiTi), cobalt-chromium (CoCr) and titanium-molybdenum (TiMo) alloys. Methods. Five types of 0.016″ × 0.022″ wires were ligated with elastic ligatures to 0.018″ × 0.025″ SS brackets. The dynamic FFs between the brackets and ligated wires were measured utilizing a specialized tensile tester machine. Prior sample sizes for different archwires were conducted using power analysis for the general linear models. The existence of significant differences in FF between examined materials was initially confirmed by the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with further evidence of pairwise differences by Tukey’s Honest Significant Difference test. Results. The pairwise differences between means of kinetic FFs for NiTi, CoCr, and Gummetal wires were not statistically significant (adjusted p-value > 0.05). Stainless steel alloy presented the lowest FF values significantly different from other groups (adjusted p-value < 0.05). On the contrary, TiMo wires showed significantly greater FFs (adjusted p-value < 0.05) than other alloys. Conclusions. Gummetal orthodontic wire exhibits similar frictional resistance as NiTi and CoCr wires. Bendable TiNbTaZrO wire might be used for sliding mechanics due to its favorable frictional properties.

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The Optical Aspect of Errors in Measurements of Surface Asperities Using the Optical Profilometry Method

Cited by 12 publications

References 18 publications

Analysis of Surface Microgeometry Created by Electric Discharge Machining

Analysis of Surface Microgeometry Created by Electric Discharge Machining

Differences in Roughness Parameter Values from Skid and Skidless Contact Stylus Profilometers

Frictional Properties of the TiNbTaZrO Orthodontic Wire—A Laboratory Comparison to Popular Archwires

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