The opsonic activity of bovine milk whey for the phagocytosis and killing by neutrophils of encapsulated and non-encapsulated Escherichia coli

Hill, Arthur W.; Heneghan, D.J.S.; Williams, M.R.

doi:10.1016/0378-1135(83)90081-0

Cited by 35 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Rather low concentrations (less than 1%) of serum opsonize efficiently S. aureus and E. coli. Opsonic antibodies belong to the IgG2 and IgM isotypes [60], but much of the opsonic Ab in adult serum and milk of cows are IgM [68,205]. Early lactation milk contains enough Ab to opsonize E. coli, whereas mid-lactation milk may lack Ab to the most resistant, encapsulated strains [68].…”

Section: Humoral Defensesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antibody concentrations in mammary secretions are rather high during the dry period, very high in colostrum, but low in full lactation milk: milk whey contains about 0.60 mg/mL IgG 1 , 0.05 mg/mL IgG 2 , 0.04 mg/mL IgM and 0.13 mg/mL sIgA [27]. The low concentrations of IgG 2 and particularly of IgM may be limiting factors for the efficient opsonization of pathogens [68], but plasma exudation is likely to convey sufficient opsonic antibodies in most cases. Deposition of the complement cleavage product C3b and its transformation into C3bi on bacteria favors their recognition by phagocytes through binding to the receptors CR1 and CR3, respectively [127].…”

Section: Humoral Defensesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Innate immunity of the bovine mammary gland

2006

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-Understanding the immune defenses of the mammary gland is instrumental in devising and developing measures to control mastitis, the major illness of dairy ruminants. Innate immunity is an extremely broad field for investigation, and despite decades of research, our present knowledge of the innate defenses of the udder is incomplete. Yet, information is being gained on the recognition of pathogens by the mammary gland, and on several locally inducible defenses. The contribution of mammary epithelial cells to local defenses and to the mobilization of leucocytes is under growing scrutiny. Interactions of mastitis-causing bacteria such as Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus and the mammary gland represents a suitable model for studies on innate immunity at an epithelium frontier. Powerful new research tools are radically modifying the prospects for the understanding of the interplay between the mammary gland innate defenses and mastitis-causing bacteria: genetic dissection of the immune response, microarray gene technology, transcriptomic methodologies and gene silencing by RNA interference will make possible the discovery of several of the key defense mechanisms which govern the susceptibility/resistance to mastitis at the molecular and genetic levels. It should then be possible to enhance the resistance of dairy ruminants to mastitis through immunomodulation and genetic improvement. mastitis / cattle / innate immunity / inflammation / milk

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Section: Humoral Defensesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Humoral Defensesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate immunity of the bovine mammary gland

2006

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“…Capsules produced by K. pneumoniae isolated from bovine intramammary infections block deposition of complement and camouflage against antibody-mediated opsonization [62]. Capsule producing strains of E. coli are more likely to create intramammary infections of longer duration than are non-encapsulated strains of E. coli [19]. Pseudomonas spp.…”

Section: Evading Cellular Defensesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coliform mastitis

2003

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-Gram-negative bacteria that commonly cause bovine mastitis are classified as environmental pathogens. The point sources of coliform bacteria that cause infections include bedding materials, soil, manure and other organic matter in the environment of cows. Rates of coliform mastitis increase during climatic periods that maximize populations in the environment. The portal of entry into the mammary gland for Gram-negative bacteria is the teat canal. Once in the gland, bacteria must utilize available substrates in the mammary secretion to replicate and evade host defenses. Rates of coliform mastitis are greater during the transitional phases of the nonlactating period than during lactation. The ability to infect the non-lactating gland is directly related to the ability of bacteria to acquire iron from the mammary secretion. The primary host defense against coliform mastitis during lactation is the elimination of bacteria by neutrophils migrating into the gland in response to inflammation. Damage to the host is mediated by the release of endotoxin. The severity and duration of clinical signs associated with coliform mastitis are reduced by the use of core-antigen bacterins.

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“…Unfortunately, this information is sparse concerning mastitis-causing pathogens. Many studies have shown that the complement is not indispensable for opsonophagocytic killing by neutrophils, as far as S. aureus [92], S. agalactiae [90], E. coli [45], or S. uberis [35] are concerned. Whether the complement improves the antibodydependent opsonization is much less documented.…”

Section: The Biological Significance Of the Complement In Milk And Armentioning

confidence: 99%

The complement in milk and defense of the bovine mammary gland against infections

Rainard

2003

Vet. Res.

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-The mammary gland of dairy cows, which is prone to infection by various bacteria, mobilizes local and systemic immune defenses to cope with pathogens. The complement system plays an important part in the innate immunity against microorganisms through its bactericidal, opsonic, and phlogistic functions. The amount of the complement in the milk of healthy glands of dairy cows is low. Moreover, the classical pathway of activation is not functional because of a shortage in C1q. By contrast, the alternative pathway is active, deposits C3b and C3bi on bacteria, and generates amounts of C5a which are highly variable among cows. A slight inhibition of the bactericidal/hemolytic activities, of the deposition of C1q on bacteria, and of the phlogistic activity of C5a makes milk a rather anti-inflammatory fluid. The inhibitory activity does not involve C3b/ C3bi deposition on bacteria, nor the generation of C5a by the alternative pathway. When inflammation develops, the blood-derived complement components overcome the inhibitions and complement-dependent bactericidal, opsonic and phlogistic activities may be high in milk. Further research is necessary to evaluate the contribution of C5a to the recruitment of leukocytes in the mammary gland, and to specify the links between the complement system and the response of resident cells (leukocytes and mammary epithelial cells) to infection stimulus. This will help to define the contribution of the complement system to resistance against mastitis, and could help to differentiate animals more or less resistant to this frequent and costly disease.

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The opsonic activity of bovine milk whey for the phagocytosis and killing by neutrophils of encapsulated and non-encapsulated Escherichia coli

Cited by 35 publications

References 15 publications

Innate immunity of the bovine mammary gland

Innate immunity of the bovine mammary gland

Coliform mastitis

The complement in milk and defense of the bovine mammary gland against infections

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