Innate immunity of the bovine mammary gland

Rainard, Pascal; Riollet, Céline

doi:10.1051/vetres:2006007

Cited by 429 publications

(413 citation statements)

References 187 publications

(231 reference statements)

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“…Typically, nowadays, the SCC content in the bulk milk tank (BMT) in most European Union countries is around 250 000/ml, whereas the upper permitted level is 600 000/ml (EEC Council Directive 94/71/EC, 1994). Mastitis usually infects a single gland and typically has SCC 1 3 10 6 /ml and above (Rainard and Riollet, 2006). Thus, according to the current SCC-based hygienic criterion, such milk in small quantities but with high SCC may perhaps enter the BMT, and the milk will still meet the above-described criteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mastitis is one of the most common diseases in dairy cows, inflicting 25% to 50% of the udders in modern dairy herds (Rainard and Riollet, 2006). This indicates that mastitis has a major effect on milk quality and potentially may also affect its safety for human consumption; therefore, it is imperative that its effect on milk composition be methodically understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lipopolysaccharide challenge of the mammary gland in cows induces nitrosative stress that impairs milk oxidative stability

Silanikove

Rauch-Cohen

Shapiro

et al. 2012

Animal

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The aim of this work was to study the effects of mastitis induced by intramammary lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge on milk oxidative stability, as well as to understand the underlying biochemical processes that cause such changes. LPS challenge was associated with nitric oxide burst from the surrounding mammary epithelial cells and consequently induced nitrosative stress that was induced by the formation of NO 2 d from nitrite by lactoperoxidase. This response was associated with an , 3-fold increased formation of hazardous compounds: nitrotyrosines, carbonyls and lipid peroxides. We sustained the involvement of xanthine oxidase as a major source of hydrogen peroxide. In consistent with previous findings, catalase has been shown to play a major role in modulating the nitrosative stress by oxidizing nitrite to nitrate. The current hygienic quality criteria cannot detect mixing of low-quality milk, such as milk with high somatic cells, and nitrite with high-quality milk. Thus, development of an improved quality control methodology may be important for the production of high-quality milk.Keywords: milk, cow, mastitis, NO and NO 2 d, plasmin system Implication In this study, we show that intramammary treatment with lipopolysaccharide induced nitric oxide burst that was associated with nitrosative stress that reflected the formation of hazardous compounds in milk: nitrotyrosines, carbonyls and lipid peroxides. These changes were associated with impairment in milk quality. Currently, very little is known about the presence of oxidative substances in commercial milk and their industrial and health implications. As mastitis is a prevalent problem in the dairy industry, this study stresses the importance of gaining further information on the effect of different forms of mastitis on milk composition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipopolysaccharide challenge of the mammary gland in cows induces nitrosative stress that impairs milk oxidative stability

Silanikove

Rauch-Cohen

Shapiro

et al. 2012

Animal

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“…The proinflammatory cytokines have been proposed to play a physiological role at parturition by being involved in the regulation of the parturition as such [13,29]. Also, cytokines appear to be an important component of a paracrine/autocrine communication network in the mammary gland at different stages of pregnancy and parturition [25,44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These small proteins, including interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis fac-component of a paracrine/autocrine communication network in the mammary gland throughout the different stages of pregnancy and parturition [25,44]. It should be noted that a low constitutive production of some of these cytokines may take place in healthy individuals [22,23,55].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the development of mastitis, in the cow as well as in the sow, it has been shown that the proinflammatory cytokines not only provide defence against bacterial infections, but also contribute to the clinical symptoms of disease [5,30,44,46,49,50,59]. For instance, it has been established that IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α play a role in the initiation of the inflammatory responses following intramammary inoculation with Escherichia coli [6,45,48,59].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphometric analysis of proinflammatory cytokines in mammary glands of sows suggests an association between clinical mastitis and local production of IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha

et al. 2007

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-Twelve healthy primiparous sows received intramammary inoculation with Escherichia coli (serotype O127) during the 24-h period preceding parturition. Mammary gland biopsy samples were taken immediately before inoculation (0 h) and from the inoculated and the contralateral noninoculated glands 24 h after inoculation. The analyses of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) by immunohistochemistry revealed that the production of these proinflammatory cytokines significantly increased in the inoculated mammary glands of sows that developed clinical signs of mastitis (affected group, n = 4) 24 h after inoculation. This was also true for IL-8 in the inoculated mammary glands of sows that did not develop clinical signs of mastitis (nonaffected group, n = 8). Sows that developed clinical signs of mastitis displayed significantly lower constitutive production of IL-1β than did sows that remained clinically healthy. The data indicate that the development of clinical symptoms of coliform mastitis in the sow is associated with a locally increased proinflammatory cytokine production in response to intramammary E. coli infection.cytokine / immunohistochemistry / mastitis / pig / E. coli

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Inhibition of histone deacetylases is the major pathway mediated by astaxanthin to antagonize LPS‐induced inflammatory responses in mammary epithelial cells

Venkidasamy

Thiruvengadam

Thirupathi

et al. 2020

J Biochem & Molecular Tox

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Mastitis is a major inflammatory response of the mammary gland due to various pathogenic invasions and is a serious disease that affects the production yield and health status of cows. Astaxanthin (AST), a xanthophyll carotenoid, is a secondary metabolite synthesized by microalgae and yeasts that has been reported to suppress various inflammatory responses. However, the protective effect of AST on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced mammary epithelial cells has not yet been reported. The present study results indicated that AST treatment markedly attenuated the oxidative stress markers and nitric oxide (NO) while improving the anti‐oxidant enzymes in LPS exposed cells. On the other hand, LPS‐exposed cells showed nuclear translocation of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) with the activation of inflammatory cytokines such as monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, tumor necrosis factor‐α, interferon‐γ, and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6). In addition, mRNA expression analysis revealed that the histone deacetylase (HDAC) ‐1, ‐2, ‐3, ‐6, ‐7 and pentraxin 3 (PTX3) expressions were increased in the LPS group. Furthermore, the activity of HDAC was increased to 2‐fold with a significant reduction in the histone acetyltransferase activity in cells exposed to LPS. However, AST was able to inhibit the nuclear translocation of NF‐κB with attenuated HDAC activity. Intriguingly, HDAC inhibition studies demonstrated that the cytokines such as IL‐4, IL‐8, granulocyte‐mcrophage colony stimulating factor, C‐reactive protein, IL‐17A, and IL‐22 were significantly suppressed which were upregulated in LPS treatment; while AST was found acting by improving the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10, and thioredoxin reductase levels. Collectively, these findings provide novel insights into the role of HDACs in regulating cellular processes involved in the pathogenesis of LPS‐induced mastitis as well as the potential use of AST as a therapeutic in treatment for controlling disease progression.

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Innate immunity of the bovine mammary gland

Cited by 429 publications

References 187 publications

Lipopolysaccharide challenge of the mammary gland in cows induces nitrosative stress that impairs milk oxidative stability

Lipopolysaccharide challenge of the mammary gland in cows induces nitrosative stress that impairs milk oxidative stability

Morphometric analysis of proinflammatory cytokines in mammary glands of sows suggests an association between clinical mastitis and local production of IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha

Inhibition of histone deacetylases is the major pathway mediated by astaxanthin to antagonize LPS‐induced inflammatory responses in mammary epithelial cells

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