The Leptophlebiidae family of mayflies is diverse, with over 640 species and 140 genera worldwide. One of its subfamilies, Terpidinae, is restricted to the Neotropical region and consists of three genera, including Fittkaulus, which have four South American species. This paper describes the male imago of F. cururuensis, which was previously unknown, based on specimens collected in streams in the Caatinga and Amazon Forest regions of northern and northeastern Brazil. It can be differentiate by having the following combination of characteristics: upper portions of eyes on short stalk; forewing with reddish brown macula; abdominal terga I–VIII with posterior and lateral margins washed with black; penes with proximal half fused, distal half with a globose lateral lobe, and with a long, apically pointed and tubular medial lobe.