The Ontogeny of Skin

Visscher, Marty O.; Narendran, Vivek

doi:10.1089/wound.2013.0467

Cited by 48 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…3 The epidermis is composed of four major layers, which are the basal, spinous, granular, and stratum corneum. 4 The physical barrier is mainly localized in the stratum corneum, involving corneocytes, corneodesmosomes, lipid-enriched intercellular domains, and nucleated epidermis cells. 5 The cornified envelope is composed of several layers of dead keratinocytes and consists of keratins that are enclosed within cross-linked proteins and surrounded by a lipid matrix.…”

Section: Skin Structure Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin Physiology of the Neonate and Infant: Clinical Implications

Oranges

Dini

Romanelli

2015

Advances in Wound Care

151

129

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Significance:The skin is a complex and dynamic organ that performs several vital functions. The maturation process of the skin starts at birth with the adaption of the skin to the comparatively dry environment compared to the in utero milieu. This adaptive flexibility results in the unique properties of infant skin. To deliver appropriate care to infant skin, it is necessary to understand that it is evolving with unique characteristics. Recent Advances: The role of biophysical noninvasive techniques in the assessment of skin development underlines the importance of an objective evaluation of skin physiology parameters. Skin hydration, transepidermal water loss, and pH values are measurable with specific instruments that give us an accurate and reproducible assessment during infant skin maturation. The recording of these values, following standard measurement procedures, allows us to evaluate the integrity of the skin barrier and to monitor the functionality of the maturing skin over time. Critical Issues: During the barrier development, impaired skin function makes the skin vulnerable to chemical damage, microbial infections, and skin diseases, possibly compromising the general health of the infant. Preterm newborns, during the first weeks of life, have an even less developed skin barrier and, therefore, are even more at risk. Thus, it is extremely important to evaluate the risk of infection, skin breakdown, topical agent absorption, and the risk of thermoregulation failure. Future Directions: Detailed and objective evaluations of infant skin maturation are necessary to improve infant skin care. The results of these evaluations should be formed into general protocols that will allow doctors and caregivers to give more personalized care to full-term newborns, preterm newborns, and infants. SCOPE AND SIGNIFICANCEThe skin of preterm newborns, full-term newborns, and infants undergoes a characteristic process of maturation, and therefore, skin care delivered to this spectrum of patients needs to be tailored to the individual patient. The principal aims of safe and effective skin care are to identify the agents that can influence the skin barrier or those that can induce systemic toxicity and avoid their utilization, thereby minimizing the risk of thermoregulation failure, which will protect newborns against potential skin breakdown and loss of its barrier function. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCEMany studies have correlated functional infant skin parameters according to age, anatomical site, and the presence of skin or systemic disease. It would be useful to study how these functional parameters change in newborns after the onset of skin infection, skin breakdown, or the application of topical agents. The results of these evaluations could be formed into general protocols, which will allow doctors and wound care providers the ability to give more personalized care to full-term newborns, preterm newborns, and infants. CLINICAL RELEVANCEUnderstanding the characteristics of newborn and infant skin will permit the delivery of a...

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Section: Skin Structure Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin Physiology of the Neonate and Infant: Clinical Implications

Oranges

Dini

Romanelli

2015

Advances in Wound Care

151

129

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…cffRNA may also contain transcripts from fetal tissues not directly in contact with AF (Hui et al 2012a). During the first 20 wk of pregnancy, diffusion between the fetus and the AF is bidirectional via fetal skin, which is not yet keratinized (Visscher and Narendran 2014). This permeable membrane may provide avenues for cffRNA originating in diverse tissues to contribute to the extracellular RNA found in the AF.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Amniotic Fluid Transcriptome as a Guide to Understanding Fetal Disease

Zwemer

Bianchi

2015

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine

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“…Во время эмбриогенеза образование кожи происходит из эктодермы. Начальный одиночный слой подвергается дифференцировке, фор-мируя в дальнейшем сложный стратифицированный эпи-телий, который способен постоянно обновлять себя [4]. К 4-й неделе эмбрионального развития кожа эмбриона состоит из двух слоев -перидерма (надкожицы) и базаль-ного слоя [5].…”

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“…Далее формируется зернистый слой, а с 23-й недели гестации перидерм заменяется роговым слоем. Полностью сформированный эпидермис определяется с 26-й недели внутриутробного развития и состоит из базального слоя, 2-3 слоев шиповатых клеток, слоя зернистых клеток и 5-6 слоев роговых клеток [4]. В целом же в период с 5-й по 26-ю неделю беременности эпидермальная диффе-ренцировка претерпевает 8 этапов изменений.…”

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“…Основным структурным компо-нентом дермы новорожденного является коллаген III типа, который считается «эмбриональным», но в первый месяц постнатального развития он замещается коллаге-ном I типа, который входит в структуру кожи взрослого человека. Также в дерме новорожденного снижено содержание белка эластина, из-за чего снижается функ-ция эластических волокон [4,7].…”

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Skin Care in Young Children: Innovative Approaches

2018

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В статье представлены современные данные об онтогенезе кожи, о формировании всех ее элементов и структур во время внутриутробного развития и в постнатальный период. Подробно освещены современные представления об особенностях строения кожи у новорожденного и младенца. Особое внимание уделено как защитным механизмам кожи, обеспечиваю-щим механический барьер, так и факторам врожденного иммунитета, липидам, а также микробиому кожи. Большое внима-ние в представленной статье уделено значению сыровидной смазки для кожи плода и новорожденного, а также процессам адаптации кожи новорожденного к внеутробной среде. Представлены современные рекомендации по уходу за кожей, основанные на данных об особенностях развития, строения и функционирования кожи новорожденного и младенца.Ключевые слова : адаптация, дерма, дети, кожа, микробиота кожи, новорожденные, сыровидная смазка, уход, эпидермис, эмбриогенез.

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The Ontogeny of Skin

Cited by 48 publications

References 68 publications

Skin Physiology of the Neonate and Infant: Clinical Implications

Skin Physiology of the Neonate and Infant: Clinical Implications

The Amniotic Fluid Transcriptome as a Guide to Understanding Fetal Disease

Skin Care in Young Children: Innovative Approaches

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