The ontogeny of behaviour in the albino rat

A comparison of the role of the motor cortex in recovery from cerebellar damage in young and adult rats

“…The measurements of motor and postural development of normal rat pups in Expt 1 agrees well with data previously reported (Bolles and Woods, 1964;Gard, H~rd, Larsson and Petersson, 1967;Altman, Anderson and Strop, 1971;Anderson and Altman, 1972). In addition, the maturational deficits caused by early cerebellar ablation appear similar to those induced by infantile cerebellar irradiation (e.g., Altman et al, 1971).…”

Comparison of infant and adult rats in exploratory activity, diurnal patterns, and responses to novel and anxiety-provoking environments.

“…Although both groups exhibited greater activity in the dark than in the light, infants were active a greater percentage of each 24-hr period than were adults (75% vs. 60% of total time, respectively). During the third quartile, infant activity levels may facilitate their joining of their dams in her search of the environment for resources, which peaks in this period, whereas reduced infant activity in the latter portion of the fourth quartile suggests their need to rest after prolonged activity.So although our data demonstrate that infants have not yet become adult-like in their diurnal patterns of activity, others have documented that these patterns become adult-like by midadolescence (Bolles & Woods, 1964;Joutsiniemi et al, 1991;Norton et al, 1975). An interesting feature of the infant-adult activity pattern difference is our demonstration that infants lack the peri-transition surges in activity characteristic of the adult.…”

“…There is substantial information for adult rats, including diurnal locomotor activity and open-field activity measures (Joutsiniemi, Leinonen, & Laakso, 1991;Richter, 1922;Shirley, 1928), wheel running patterns (Bauer, 1990;Eikelboom & Mills, 1988;Peng, Jiang, & Hsu, 1980;Stewart, Rosenwasser, & Adler, 1985), rearing (Gregory, 1967;Hughes, Blampied, & Stewart, 1975;Kalinichev, Easterling, & Holtzman, 2002), and grooming (Borchelt, 1980;Jolles, Rompa-Barendregt, & Gispen, 1979;Sachs, 1988). Studies examining young rats focus mostly on adolescents (Barron, Hansen-Trench, & Kaiser, 1996;Campbell & Mabry, 1973;Hastings, Cooper, Bornschein, & Michaelson, 1977;Kalsbeek, de Bruin, Matthijssen, & Uylings, 1989;Livesey & Egger, 1970), although a few studies have been done in the infant rat.Simple measures of total activity demonstrate that infants are generally more active in the dark than in the light phase of the daily cycle (Bolles & Woods, 1964;Norton, Culver, & Mullenix, 1975), have considerable locomotor capacity (Moorcroft et al, 1971;Norton et al, 1975), are capable of rearing and grooming (Campbell & Mabry, 1973), and are capable of wheel running (Dalton-Jez & Eikelboom, 2005). Environmental novelty or familiarity significantly influences adult activity (Buelke-Sam, Sullivan, Kimmel, & Nelson, 1984;Galani, Duconseille, Bildstein, & Cassel, 2001), and some infant studies have a limited consideration of this (Buelke-Sam et al, 1984;Eilam & Golani, 1988;Golani et al, 2005;Pappas, Vickers, Buxton, & Pusztay, 1982).…”

Examining the role of endogenous opioids in learned odor–stroke associations in infant rats

“…Ã indicates p < .05. (Bolles & Woods, 1965) and learned odor aversions would hinder proximity seeking of the mother, and thus the nutrition, warmth, and protection necessary for survival (Hofer & Sullivan, 2001). And the infant learning circuitry appears optimized to support readily learned odor preferences (Sullivan, 2003).…”