The olfactory conditioning in the early postnatal period stimulated neural stem/progenitor cells in the subventricular zone and increased neurogenesis in the olfactory bulb of rats

So, Kenji; Moriya, Takuya; Nishitani, Shota; Takahashi, Hiroo; Shinohara, Kazuyuki

doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.07.051

Cited by 21 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The normal development of these two regions is very important to learning and memory [16][17][18][19][20][21]. The process of neurogenesis involves the proliferation of NSCs, the neuronal and astrocytic differentiation of NSCs, and their migration and functional integration into the neural circuit.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ketamine Interferes with the Proliferation and Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells in the Subventricular Zone of Neonatal Rats

Huang

Liu

Li³

et al. 2015

Cell Physiol Biochem

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This is an Open Access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial 3.0 Unported license (CC BY-NC) (www.karger.com/OA-license), applicable to the online version of the article only. Distribution permitted for non-commercial purposes only. Previous studies have shown ketamine can alter the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in vitro. However, these effects have not been entirely clarified in vivo in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of neonatal rats. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of ketamine on the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs in the SVZ of neonatal rats in vivo. Methods: Postnatal day 7 (PND-7) male SpragueDawley rats were administered four injections of 40 mg/kg ketamine at 1-h intervals, and then 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was injected intraperitoneally at PND-7, 9 and 13. NSC proliferation was assessed with Nestin/BrdU double-labeling immunostaining. Neuronal and astrocytic differentiation was evaluated with β-tubulin III/BrdU and GFAP/BrdU double-labeling immunostaining, respectively. The expressions of nestin, β-tubulin III and GFAP were measured using Western blot analysis. The apoptosis of NSCs and astrocytes in the SVZ of neonatal rats was evaluated using nestin/caspase-3 and GFAP/caspase-3 double-labeling immunostaining. Results: Neonatal ketamine exposure significantly reduced the number of nestin/BrdU and GFAP/BrdU double-positive cells in the SVZ. Meanwhile, the expressions of nestin and GFAP in the SVZ from the ketamine group were significantly decreased compared those in the control group. Still, no double-positive cells for nestin/caspase-3 and GFAP/caspase-3 were found after ketamine exposure. In addition, the neuronal differentiation of NSCs in the SVZ was markedly promoted by ketamine with an increased number of β-tubulin III/BrdU double-positive cells and enhanced expression of β-tubulin III. These effects of ketamine on the NSCs in the SVZ often lasted at least 1 week after ketamine anesthesia. Conclusion: In the present study, it was demonstrated that ketamine could alter neurogenesis by inhibiting the proliferation of NSCs, suppressing their differentiation into astrocytes and promoting the neuronal differentiation of the NSCs in the SVZ of neonatal rats during a critical period of their neurodevelopment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ketamine Interferes with the Proliferation and Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells in the Subventricular Zone of Neonatal Rats

Huang

Liu

Li³

et al. 2015

Cell Physiol Biochem

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“…Only a small subset of NPCs created in the SGZ reach maturity after integration into the neural network, meaning a majority of the newborn cells undergo apoptosis within the first four days after creation (Sierra et al, 2010). It was shown by a number of researchers that exposure to novel smells in the olfactory bulb stimulated the production and retention of new neurons (Magavi et al, 2005; So et al, 2008), and it was likewise shown in the hippocampus that environmental enrichment, physical activity, and the act of learning promoted the production of new neurons (Emsley et al, 2005; Duan et al, 2008). Oddly enough, both depression and olfactory deficits are early indications of degeneration in both AD and Parkinson’s disease (PD) (Bruck et al, 2004; Hawkes, 2006; Gabryelewicz et al, 2007; Matsuda, 2007; Poewe, 2008).…”

Section: Neurogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Classification of Microglial Activation Phenotypes on Neurodegeneration and Regeneration in Alzheimer’s Disease Brain

Varnum

Ikezu

2012

Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp.

328

239

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive decline of cognitive function and memory formation. There is no therapeutic that can halt or reverse its progression. Contemporary research suggests that age-dependent neuroinflammatory changes may play a significant role in the decreased neurogenesis and cognitive impairments in AD. The innate immune response is characterized by pro-inflammatory (M1) activation of macrophages and subsequent production of specific cytokines, chemokines, and reactive intermediates, followed by resolution and alternative activation for anti-inflammatory signaling (M2a) and wound healing (M2c). We propose that microglial activation phenotypes are analogous to those of macrophages and that their activation plays a significant role in regulating neurogenesis in the brain. Microglia undergo a switch from an M2- to an M1-skewed activation phenotype during aging. This review will assess the neuroimmunological studies that led to characterization of the different microglial activation states using AD mouse models. It will also discuss the roles of microglial activation on neurogenesis in AD and propose anti-inflammatory molecules as exciting therapeutic targets for research. Molecules like interleukin-4 and CD200 have proven to be important anti-inflammatory molecules in the regulation of neuroinflammation in the brain, and they will be discussed in detail for their therapeutic potential.

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“…Stromal-derived factor 1, produced by endothelial cells, and the CXC chemokine receptor 4 expressed by SVZ cells have been involved in this intercellular communication (Kokovay et al, 2010). The role of the SVZ-derived interneurons remains unclear but they seem to regulate the olfaction process (So et al, 2008). Interestingly, neuroinflammation induces functional alteration of adult NSCs that contribute to olfactory dysfunction (Tepavcevic et al, 2011).…”

Section: Subventricular Zone (Svz)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological regulation of neurogenic niches in the adult brain

et al. 2012

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In mammals, neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis are germinal processes that occur in the adult brain throughout life. The subventricular (SVZ) and subgranular (SGZ) zones are the main neurogenic regions in adult brain. Therein, it resides a subpopulation of astrocytes that act as neural stem cells. Increasing evidence indicates that pro-inflammatory and other immunological mediators are important regulators of neural precursors into the SVZ and the SGZ. There are a number of inflammatory cytokines that regulate the function of neural stem cells. Some of the most studied include: interleukin-1, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, insulin-like growth factor-1, growth-regulated oncogene-alpha, leukemia inhibitory factor, cardiotrophin-1, ciliary neurotrophic factor, interferon-gamma, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha. This plethora of immunological mediators can control the migration, proliferation, quiescence, cell-fate choices and survival of neural stem cells and their progeny. Thus, systemic or local inflammatory processes represent important regulators of germinal niches in the adult brain. In this review, we summarized the current evidence regarding the effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in the regulation of adult neural stem cells under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Additionally, we described the role of proinflammatory cytokines in neurodegenerative diseases and some therapeutical approaches for the immunomodulation of neural progenitor cells.

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The olfactory conditioning in the early postnatal period stimulated neural stem/progenitor cells in the subventricular zone and increased neurogenesis in the olfactory bulb of rats

Cited by 21 publications

References 37 publications

Ketamine Interferes with the Proliferation and Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells in the Subventricular Zone of Neonatal Rats

Ketamine Interferes with the Proliferation and Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells in the Subventricular Zone of Neonatal Rats

The Classification of Microglial Activation Phenotypes on Neurodegeneration and Regeneration in Alzheimer’s Disease Brain

Immunological regulation of neurogenic niches in the adult brain

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