The Odd–Even Behaviour of Dicarboxylic Acids Solubility in the Atmospheric Aerosols

Abstract

The solubility and the enthalpy of dicarboxylic acids have been determined in water at intervals between 278.5 and 543.5 K. At 298.15 K, the values derived were: Δ sol H m (m=1.33 mol kg −1 )=29.80 kJ mol −1 for oxalic acid; Δ sol H m (m=16.03 mol kg −1 )= 12.82 kJ mol −1 for malonic acid; Δ sol H m (m=0.75 mol kg −1 )=28.20 kJ mol −1 for succinic acid; Δ sol H m (m=8.77 mol kg −1 )=48.01 kJ mol −1 and Δ sol H m (m= 0.17 mol kg −1 )=40.30 kJ mol −1 for glutaric and adipic acid respectively. The solubility value exhibits a prominent odd-even effect with respect to terms with even number of carbon atoms with the odd carbon numbers showing much higher solubility. Observations made in the atmospheres suggest that this odd-even effect may have implications for the relative abundance of these acids in aerosols.

Temperature Dependent Phase Behavior of Pseudo-Ternary Thiourea X-100 Surfactant +1-Hexanol/Oil/Water Systems

“…It is evident from the figure that the domain of one-phase ME displays a "nosed-shaped" region. Similar "nose-shaped" micellar region were observed by Jeongt and co-workers [10], and Rozaini and Brimblecombe [11] for nonionic surfactant-oil-water ternary systems.…”

The solubility measurements of sodium dicarboxylate salts; sodium oxalate, malonate, succinate, glutarate, and adipate in water from T=(279.15 to 358.15)K

“…Published values of solubility of the dicarboxylic acids are presented as function of the number of carbons in sodium dicarboxylate compounds in figure 7. A number of previous authors have observed this noticeable odd-even effect with dicarboxylic acid solubility [11][12][13].…”

“…These that appear as our results tabulated within figures 2 to 6. Solubility is plotted as the logarithm of the solubility in molal units (ln m vs 1/T) as this is preferable as the slope of the curve is related to the molar enthalpy of dissolution [13].…”

Direct observation of water uptake and release in individual submicrometer sized ammonium sulfate and ammonium sulfate/adipic acid particles using X-ray microspectroscopy

“…Although a strong contrast was found between the carbonaceous inclusion and its surrounding, a small but significant absorption is observed in the residual part of the particle. The solubility of adipic acid in pure water is low, 21 g/l (Rozaini & Brimblecombe, 2009), so that dissolved adipic acid could not significantly contribute to absorption. It is therefore likely that a thicker layer of adipic acid on top or underneath the solution is responsible for absorption there.…”

“…Such dicarboxylic acids have been identified in ambient aerosol particles whereby also adipic acid was found to be present in atmospheric aerosols (Ray & McDow, 2005). The adipic acid is known to be a poorly soluble organic compound in water (Rozaini & Brimblecombe, 2009). The hygroscopic properties of the mixture with ammonium sulfate were already investigated using HTDMA/TDMA and EDB (Hameri et al, 2002;Sjogren et al, 2007).…”