The occurrence of <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> infection in cattle in and around an area subject to extensive badger (<i>Meles meles</i>) control

Clifton-Hadley, R. S.; Wilesmith, J. W.; Richards, Mark; Upton, Paul; Johnston, Stephen D.

doi:10.1017/s0950268800052031

Cited by 83 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The majority of bovine TB cases in the 1980s and early 1990s presented either in the elderly or in those who had been infected abroad and returned or migrated to the United Kingdom (13). Many animals, such as badgers, foxes, ferrets, and deer (1,3,9), are believed to act as vectors for transmission to livestock, and some have also been associated with transmission to humans (8,16,18). Enhanced surveillance of M. bovis infections in humans was initiated in 1998.…”

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confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology of Disease Due to Mycobacterium bovis in Humans in the United Kingdom

Gibson

Hewinson²,

Goodchild³

et al. 2004

J Clin Microbiol

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confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology of Disease Due to Mycobacterium bovis in Humans in the United Kingdom

Gibson

Hewinson²,

Goodchild³

et al. 2004

J Clin Microbiol

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“…Bovine tuberculosis continues to be a major problem in countries which cannot afford such programs or where these programs have been only partially effective due to wildlife reservoirs of infection (6). These include the badger in the United Kingdom and the brush-tailed opossum in New Zealand (4,5). In Sardinia, as a result of an eradication program, bovine tuberculosis was considered eradicated in 1964.…”

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confidence: 99%

Molecular Basis of Rifampin and Isoniazid Resistance in Mycobacterium bovis Strains Isolated in Sardinia, Italy

Sechi

Zanetti

Sanguinetti

et al. 2001

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Fourteen of 22 (68%) Mycobacterium bovis strains isolated from cattle in Sardinia were found to be resistant to rifampin and isoniazid. Analysis of the rpoB and the katG, oxyR-ahpC, and inhA gene regions of these strains was performed in order to investigate the molecular basis of rifampin and isoniazid resistance, respectively. The most frequent mutation, encountered in 6 of 10 strains (60%), was in the rpoB gene; it occurred, at codon position 521 and resulted in leucine changed to proline. This suggests that codon 521 may be important for the development of rifampin resistance in M. bovis. Resistance to isoniazid is associated in Mycobacterium tuberculosis with a variety of mutations affecting one or more genes. Our results confirm the difficulty of interpreting the sequence variations observed in clinical strains of M. bovis. M. bovis strains isolated from the same geographic area showed similar mutations within the genes responsible for rifampin and isoniazid resistance. Our results represent the first study to elucidate the molecular genetic basis of drug resistance in M. bovis isolated from cattle.Mycobacterium bovis is the major cause of tuberculosis in domestic animals and can produce human disease which is indistinguishable from that caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (6,8). In many industrialized countries, M. bovis has been eradicated from cattle or reduced to very low levels through the implementation of control programs based on test-andslaughter principles. Bovine tuberculosis continues to be a major problem in countries which cannot afford such programs or where these programs have been only partially effective due to wildlife reservoirs of infection (6). These include the badger in the United Kingdom and the brush-tailed opossum in New Zealand (4, 5). In Sardinia, as a result of an eradication program, bovine tuberculosis was considered eradicated in 1964. Recently various M. bovis strains have been isolated from different herds (17); one of these strains was isolated from an animal imported from Cremona (northern Italy) in 1996. Moreover various wild animals present in Sardinia, such as the mouflon and the wild boar (Sus scrofa), could be reservoirs for M. bovis (2).The molecular basis of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis has been well documented (3,13,14). The most common mechanisms of resistance to the primary antimycobacterial agents such as rifampin, isoniazid, and streptomycin in M. tuberculosis are mutations in the target genes. Consequently, virtually all isolates resistant to rifampin and related rifamycins carry mutations affecting a 27-amino-acid region of the coding sequence of the RNA polymerase beta subunit (15). The majority of isoniazid-resistant isolates carry mutations in the katG and inhA genes (13). Limited data are available regarding the genetic assessment of drug-resistant M. bovis strains (1), in particular M. bovis strains isolated from animals. Bovine tuberculosis remains a major infectious disease among cattle worldwide, making control of outbreaks and preventio...

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“…Main examples are the badger (Meles meles), which has been suggested to act as a significant source of infection in Great Britain and Ireland [29]. In New Zealand the eradication of bovine tuberculosis is threatened especially by the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) …”

Section: Wildlife As a Source Of M Bovismentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic aspects of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC)

Biet¹,

et al. 2005

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-Pathogens that are transmitted between the environment, wildlife, livestock and humans represent major challenges for the protection of human and domestic animal health, the economic sustainability of agriculture, and the conservation of wildlife. Among such pathogens, the genus Mycobacterium is well represented by M. bovis, the etiological agent of bovine tuberculosis, M. avium ssp. paratuberculosis (Map) the etiological agent of Johne disease, M. avium ssp. avium (Maa) and in a few common cases by other emergent environmental mycobacteria. Epidemiologic surveys performed in Europe, North America and New Zealand have demonstrated the existence and importance of environmental and wildlife reservoirs of mycobacterial infections that limit the attempts of disease control programmes. The aim of this review is to examine the zoonotic aspects of mycobacteria transmitted from the environment and wildlife. This work is focused on the species of two main groups of mycobacteria classified as important pathogens for humans and animals: first, M. bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis, which belongs to the M. tuberculosis complex and has a broad host range including wildlife, captive wildlife, domestic livestock, non-human primates and humans; the second group examined, is the M. avium-intracellulare complex (MAC) which includes M. avium ssp. avium causing major health problems in AIDS patients and M. avium ssp. paratuberculosis the etiological agent of Johne disease in cattle and identified in patients with Crohn disease. MAC agents, in addition to a broad host range, are environmental mycobacteria found in numerous biotopes including the soil, water, aerosols, protozoa, deep litter and fresh tropical vegetation. This review examines the possible reservoirs of these pathogens in the environment and in wildlife, their role as sources of infection in humans and animals and their health impact on humans. The possibilities of control and management programmes for these mycobacterial infections are examined with regards to the importance of their natural reservoirs.

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The occurrence of Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle in and around an area subject to extensive badger (Meles meles) control

Cited by 83 publications

References 18 publications

Molecular Epidemiology of Disease Due to Mycobacterium bovis in Humans in the United Kingdom

Molecular Epidemiology of Disease Due to Mycobacterium bovis in Humans in the United Kingdom

Molecular Basis of Rifampin and Isoniazid Resistance in Mycobacterium bovis Strains Isolated in Sardinia, Italy

Zoonotic aspects of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC)

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