Molecular Epidemiology of Disease Due to
            <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i>
            in Humans in the United Kingdom

Gibson, Andrea L.; Hewinson, R. Glyn; Goodchild, Tony; Watt, B.; Story, Alistair; Inwald, Jacqueline; Drobniewski, Francis

doi:10.1128/jcm.42.1.431-434.2004

Cited by 78 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This situation would be similar to that in the United Kingdom, where typing of M. bovis strains from human patients (presumably infected with M. bovis from cattle) suggests that M. bovis was more diverse 50 years ago than it is today (13,14). It is believed that bovine TB control measures throughout the United Kingdom over the past 100 years reduced the M. bovis population size and diversity and led to geographic localization of M. bovis strains (9,11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Such homogeneity, in combination with the geographic restriction of several of the spoligotypes to Iran (at least in current databases), does not easily support the hypothesis that most strains currently circulat- The subsequent test-and-slaughter program in Iran may have contributed to the clonality of the M. bovis population. This situation would be similar to that in the United Kingdom, where typing of M. bovis strains from human patients (presumably infected with M. bovis from cattle) suggests that M. bovis was more diverse 50 years ago than it is today (13,14). It is believed that bovine TB control measures throughout the United Kingdom over the past 100 years reduced the M. bovis population size and diversity and led to geographic localization of M. bovis strains (9,11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mycobacterium bovisInfection in Holstein Friesian Cattle, Iran

Tadayon¹,

Mosavari²,

Sadeghi³

et al. 2008

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To identify strains of Mycobacterium bovis circulating in Iran, we used region of difference, spoligotypes, and variable number tandem repeats to genotype 132 M. bovis isolates from Holstein Friesian cattle. Despite wide geographic origins, the strains were genetically homogeneous. Increased distribution of cattle herds and inadequate control measures may have contributed to strain dispersion. E stimates suggest that globally >50 million cattle are infected with Mycobacterium bovis, causing an annual loss of ≈$3 billion US (1). In Asia, 94% of the 460-million cattle herd (33% of the world's cattle) are in areas with either no or only partial tuberculosis (TB) control programs (2). In 2006, the prevalence of bovine TB in Iran was 0.12% (Iranian Veterinary Organisation [IVO], unpub. data), yet few studies have been conducted on M. bovis in Iran (3-5). To identify the strains of M. bovis in Iran, we used region of difference (RD) typing, spoligotyping, and variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) typing. The StudyFrom 1996 through 2003, we collected necropsy specimens from TB-test reactor cattle from abattoirs in 21 of the 28 Iranian provinces where bovine TB has been reported. Specimens were all respiratory and gastrointestinal lymph nodes and any lungs, spleens, or livers that were visibly affected. All specimens were cultured for M. tuberculosis complex bacteria and incubated for >10 weeks. Of the 470 animals tested, results were positive for 216; however, because of delays in exporting samples to the United Kingdom, only 132 samples contained reculturable isolates with suffi cient growth for DNA extraction. Molecular speciation was determined by RD-PCR (RD1, RD5, RD9, RD10, and RD11) (6). Spoligotyping was conducted according to the method of Kamerbeek et al. RD-PCR showed that all 132 isolates were M. bovis. Spoligotyping identifi ed 8 types (Figure 1). SB0120 was the most common, and 5 others (SB1167-SB1171) were novel patterns and, thus, were specifi c to Iran. VNTR typing identifi ed 23 profi les (Figure 2). ConclusionsRD typing of the 132 isolates confi rmed that they were all wild type M. bovis; none were the M. bovis BCG vaccine strain because they carried the RD1 region. This fi nding is noteworthy because unauthorized vaccination of cattle with BCG has been reported in Iran (IVO, unpub. data). Although previous studies in Iran have reported the isolation of M. tuberculosis from tuberculin-positive cattle (3), our RD9 and RD10 analyses indicated that no isolates were M. tuberculosis. This fi nding suggests that M. tuberculosis is unlikely to be abundant, if even present, on cattle farms of Iran. Similarly, RD5 and RD11 analyses indicated that no isolates were M. africanum or M. microti.The spoligotypes were either identical to the BCG-like (SB0120) pattern (41% of isolates) or were simple variants of it by the deletion of 1 or occasionally 2 single or contiguous blocks of spacers (Figure 1). Because spoligotype changes have been attributed solely to the deletion of spacer units, the BCG-like strains here ...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Mycobacterium bovisInfection in Holstein Friesian Cattle, Iran

Tadayon¹,

Mosavari²,

Sadeghi³

et al. 2008

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Molecular epidemiological studies of bTB have been unconvincing in terms of the present threat of M. bovis to human health. A genetic analysis of all 50 M. bovis isolates of human cases of bTB between 1997 and 2000 produced 25 individual spoligotypes (see Glossary) [6]. Of these, 15 spoligotypes had not been recorded in UK cattle, suggesting that they had not been transmitted from the animals, and were possibly the result of reactivation of old lesions in individuals that were infected 50 years previously with the spoligotype then circulating in British cattle.…”

Section: Control and Re-emergence Of Tuberculosis In British Cattlementioning

confidence: 99%

Public health and bovine tuberculosis: what's all the fuss about?

Torgerson¹,

Torgerson²

2010

Trends in Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in UK cattle is increasing rapidly. Consequently, the UK Government is spending escalating sums of money in attempts at disease control. We propose that bTB control in cattle is irrelevant as a public health policy. In the UK, cattle-to-human transmission is negligible. Aerosol transmission, the only probable route of human acquisition, occurs at inconsequential levels when milk is pasteurised, even when bTB is highly endemic in cattle. Furthermore, there is little evidence for a positive cost benefit in terms of animal health of bTB control. Such evidence is required; otherwise, there is little justification for the large sums of public money spent on bTB control in the UK.

show abstract

“…VNTRs have been successfully used in the discrimination of M. bovis isolates, and the combination of spoligotyping with VNTR analysis vastly improves the levels of discrimination (Gibson et al, 2004). Indeed, our previous work has shown that VNTR analysis can successfully subdivide spoligotype 9 into clusters of related strains; however, the VNTR technique requires optimization and the level of discrimination depends upon the loci applied and test panel chosen for the study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic fingerprints of Mycobacterium bovis cluster with molecular type: implications for genotype–phenotype links

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mycobacterium bovis is the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis. Various genetic typing techniques have been used to trace the reservoirs of infection; however, they have limited success in population genetics and outbreak studies. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) is a rapid phenotypic typing technique, which may be used to generate a metabolic fingerprinting and is increasingly used to characterize bacteria. When coupled with multivariate cluster analysis, this powerful combination has sufficient resolving power to discriminate bacteria down to subspecies level; however, to date this method has not been used in the differentiation of mycobacteria. Multiple isolates of the ten major spoligotypes in the UK, recovered from different geographical locations, were analysed using FT-IR. Hierarchical cluster analysis of the spectra showed that the isolates could be differentiated according to their spoligotypes. Six of the spoligotype FT-IR clusters were very homogeneous and all isolates were recovered together. However, the remaining four groups displayed a more heterogeneous phenotype, which may reflect greater variation than previously suspected within these groups. Included in the ten spoligotypes are the two most dominant isolates in the UK, designated types 9 and 17. Whilst type 17 showed a highly conserved phenotype as judged by FT-IR, type 9 showed a very heterogeneous metabolic profile and isolates were recovered throughout the dendrogram. This variation in type 9 is reflected in the high degree of diversity observed by variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) analysis, underlining the exquisite resolving power of FT-IR.

show abstract

Molecular Epidemiology of Disease Due to Mycobacterium bovis in Humans in the United Kingdom

Cited by 78 publications

References 15 publications

Mycobacterium bovisInfection in Holstein Friesian Cattle, Iran

Mycobacterium bovisInfection in Holstein Friesian Cattle, Iran

Public health and bovine tuberculosis: what's all the fuss about?

Metabolic fingerprints of Mycobacterium bovis cluster with molecular type: implications for genotype–phenotype links

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About