The occurrence of Fusarium spp. on oat (Avena sativa L.) and susceptibility of seedlings of selected genotypes to infection with Fusarium graminearum Schwabe

Abstract

A b s t r a c tThe present study was carried out in the years 2010-2012 in the fields of the Strzelce Plant Breeding Company Ltd., belonging to the Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute in Radzików, and it included 39 oat genotypes. At the six-week seedling stage, the percentage of plants with root and leaf sheath necrosis symptoms was evaluated. In 2010 the percentage of seedlings with disease symptoms ranged from 6.5% to 25%, in 2011 it ranged from 17% to 34.5%, whereas in 2012 from 10% to 25%. In 2010 the disease index ranged from 1.4 to 5.7, in 2011 from 4.5 to 8.8, while in 2012 it was between 2.0 and 5.4.Mycological analysis showed that large numbers of Fusarium spp. colonies were obtained both from the roots and leaf sheaths. Isolates of these fungi accounted for 63.48% of the total fungi isolated from seedlings. Seedlings grown under the conditions of central Poland were damaged by the species F. culmorum, F. avenaceum, and F. solani. The investigation of the susceptibility of 15 oat genotypes to infection with two Fusarium graminearum strains -Tz 56 and Tk 235 -was carried out under growth chamber conditions at a temperature of 22-23 o C and relative air humidity of 85%. The F. graminearum strain Tz 56 proved to be the most pathogenic to seedlings of the breeding lines STH 0.9403 and POB 1316/08, for which the disease index was 80.5 and 75.5, respectively. The lowest pathogenicity of the a.m. strain was recorded in the case of the genotype DC 1832/05, for which the disease index was 26.5. The F. graminearum strain Tk 235 proved to be the most pathogenic to the genotypes STH 0.9403 and STH 0.9423, for which the disease index was 70.5 and 70.0, respectively, whereas this strain was least pathogenic to the breeding line DC 2112/05, in the case of which the disease index was 25.5.

Induction of Fusarium lytic Enzymes by Extracts from Resistant and Susceptible Cultivars of Pea (Pisum sativum L.)

“…One of the secondary metabolite in pea called pisatin was and its antifungal activity, and the role of pisatin demethylase produced by pathogenic fungi that degrade pisatin was discussed previously [ 13 ]. Quite interesting was to find that the oat bran could reduce the fumonisin production similarly to the pea extracts, even though they are susceptible to Fusarium infestations [ 38 ]. The antioxidants present in oats may have a possible role in reducing the toxin levels in the cultures.…”

The influence of catch crops on fungal diversity in the soil and health of oat

“…The population of fungi having an antagonistic effect towards selected fungi pathogenic to cereal was determined according to the method described by Mańka and Mańka (1992). The antagonistic effect of all isolates Trichoderma spp., Clonostachys rosea, and Talaromyces flavus obtained from the soil, was determined in relation to Fusarium avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. equiseti, F. graminearum and Bipolaris sorokiniana strains, whose pathogenicity to cereals has been confirmed in previous studies (Kiecana et al 2014, Cegiełko et al 2019, Mielniczuk 2018.…”

“…Particularly big quantities of Fusarium spp. were found on the roots, seedlings and the lower internodes of oat stems (Lemańczyk 2010, Kiecana et al 2014, Hofgaard et al 2016. The development of fusarium blight of the base of the stems creates a danger of the accumulation of those infection factors in the soil after oat cultivation and the infection of consecutive plants by fungi from the genus Fusarium.…”

Reaction of Oat Genotypes to Fusarium equiseti (Corda) Sacc. Infection and Mycotoxin Concentrations in Grain

“…F. equiseti was also isolated from the roots and stem bases of oat [51]. Moreover, this fungus turned out to be the main cause of winter wheat root necrosis and was found to be significantly involved in damaging stem bases of this plant cultivated in the conditions of north-eastern Poland [52].…”