The occurrence of different intrusive errors in patients with Alzheimer's disease, multiple cerebral infarctions, and major depression

Loewenstein, David; D'Elia, Lou; Guterman, Andrew; Eisdorfer, Carl; Wilkie, Frances L.; LaRue, Asenath; Mintzer, Jacobo; Duara, Ranjan

doi:10.1016/0278-2626(91)90088-p

Cited by 56 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Similar results on comprehension assessed by the Western Aphasia Battery have been presented by Powell et al [22], Negative evidence in well-controlled studies was found in Boston Naming [13,17,25] [22,26], and in Lurian receptive or expressive tasks [15],…”

Section: Verbal Abilitysupporting

confidence: 64%

“…A similar pattern of results emerged in a study by Mendez and Ashla-Mendez [17], when the California Verbal Learning Test was used, by Parlato et al [31], and Villardita [18] using Logical Memory and Visual Repro duction from the Wechsler Memory Scale, by Barr et al [20] evaluating frequency of false alarms in the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test, and by Loewenstein et al [25] using the Fuld Object Memory Test. In addition, Hagberg and Gustafson [26] found better results in spatial memory assessed by two tests: the Benton and Graham-Kendall (Memory for Design), but not in verbal memory as assessed by the Cronholm-Molander Test, in unmatched early-phase VAD compared to AD based on samples of patients that later came to autopsy.…”

Section: Episodic Memorysupporting

confidence: 52%

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Neuropsychological Deficits in Vascular Dementia in Relation to Alzheimer's Disease: Reviewing Evidence for Functional Similarity or Divergence

Almkvist

1994

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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The hypothesis that vascular dementia (VAD) may be associated with a specific pattern of neuropsychological dysfunction as compared to Alzheimer''s disease (AD) is reviewed. The empirical findings were evaluated with regard to methodology, most importantly the comparability between groups regarding demographic variables and severity of dementia. They were also classified according to the cognitive and sensory-motor functions affected. No consistent differences were found between VAD and AD patients in neuropsychological performance testing general cognitive functioning, syntax, verbal comprehension, visuospatial tasks, and primary as well as semantic memory, indicating a functional similarity between VAD and AD. However, inferior performance was found for VAD in executive functioning, verbal fluency, attention, and motor performance. Superior performance for VAD was found in naming and with regard to intrusion errors. The findings on episodic memory were inconclusive. These results should be considered in light of possible selection bias due to the fact that all studies used a hospital-based sample of subjects and not subjects from the community. Bias may also arise from the variations in lesion site, size, number, and timing between different VAD groups. Third, the risk of confounding errors due to a lack of comparability between etiological groups in terms of demographic variables as well as cognitive decline cannot be excluded. Future studies should take into account variation in the severity of cognitive decline, variation regarding lesion characteristics, etiological factors, and subtypes of VAD in order to increase our knowledge about the functional features of VAD.

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Section: Verbal Abilitysupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Episodic Memorysupporting

confidence: 52%

Neuropsychological Deficits in Vascular Dementia in Relation to Alzheimer's Disease: Reviewing Evidence for Functional Similarity or Divergence

Almkvist

1994

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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“…Finally, one study did not use any imaging technique to accomplish the diagnosis, which was therefore excluded from further analyses (Almkvist et al, 1999). Two studies did apply MRI to both groups and additional standardized diagnostic criteria (i.e., NINCDS-ADRDA) only to the AD group (Graham et al, 2004;Loewenstein et al, 1991), which we found sufficient for inclusion. This resulted in 16 studies to enter the meta-analysis (Table 2), which was conducted as follows.…”

Section: Meta-analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…successful identification of AD patients) is quite low (24.1%; Massman & Bigler, 1993). Perhaps not applicable as a composite score or profile and despite several studies revealing no differences between both clinical groups (Loewenstein et al, 1991;Loring, Meador, Mahurin & Largen, 1986;Padovani et al, 1995;Starkstein et al, 1996), we hypothesize that several subtests of the WAIS could still serve to distinguish between AD and VaD. According to the idea of more prominent executive dysfunctioning in VaD compared to AD, several subtests might be more impaired in the VaD group than in the AD group, while performance on tests that require memory processes will be most affected in the AD group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Distinguishing between Vascular Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease by Means of the WAIS: A Meta-analysis

Oosterman

Scherder

2006

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

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“…For example, most researchers have found substantial increases in perseverative errors in DAT individuals (e.g., Butters et al 1987;Fuld, Katzman, Davies, & Terry, 1982;Helkala et al, 1989;Jacobs, Troster, Butters, Salmon, & Cermak, 1990;Loewenstein, D'Elia, Guterman, Eisdorfer, Wilkie, LaRue, Mintzer, & Duara, 1991;Shindler et al, 1984;Troster, Salmon, McCullough, & Butters, 1989). Fuld et al (1982) administered a wide range of neuropsychological tests to a variety of patients and found that prior-item intrusions (i.e., a delayed repetition of the appropriate response to a previous item) were more prominent in DAT than in other dementias (e.g., Multiple Cerebral Infarct, Korsakoff).…”

Section: Facilitatory and Inhibitory Processes In Datmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory Control during Sentence Comprehension in Individuals with Dementia of the Alzheimer Type

Faust

Balota²,

Duchek³

et al. 1997

Brain and Language

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In two experiments we investigated the extent to which individuals with dementia of the Alzheimer type (OAT) manage the activation of contextually appropriate and inappropriate meanings of ambiguous words during sentence comprehension. OAT individuals and healthy older individuals read sentences that ended in ambiguous words and then determined if a test word fit the overall meaning of the sentence. Analysis of response latencies indicated that OAT individuals were less efficient than healthy older individuals at suppressing inappropriate meanings of ambiguous words not implied by sentence context, but enhanced appropriate meanings to the same extent, if not more, than healthy older adults. DAT individuals were also more likely to allow inappropriate information to actually drive responses (i.e., increased intrusion errors). Overall, the results are consistent with a growing number of studies demonstrating impairments in inhibitory control, with relative preservation offacilitatory processes, in DAT.A decline in the ability of individuals with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) to comprehend written and spoken language is one of severallanguage deficits documented in studies of language ability (e.g., Murdoch, Chenery, Wilks, & Boyle, 1987;Appell, Kertesz, & Fisman, 1982). While word naming abilities are relatively well preserved during the early stages of DAT, reading comprehension declines with dementia severity (Cummings, Houlihan, & Hill, 1986). The decline of language comprehension in DAT may be, in part, due to a disruption of retrieval from semantic memory (e.g., Nebes, Boller, & Holland, 1986;Nebes, Brady, & Huff, 1989) or to a degradation of the representations of concepts Copyright © 1997 and words in semantic memory (e.g., Martin & Fedio, 1983;Chertkow, Bub, & Seidenberg, 1989;Gewirth &Shindler, 1984;Flicker,Ferris, Crook,&Bartus, 1987), or possibly, both (see Nebes, 1989, for a recent review). However, evidence is accumulating to suggest that individuals in the early stages of DAT also suffer from a loss in the efficiency of cognitive mechanisms responsible for the management of the activation of or accessibility to information on-line during comprehension. For example, Morris and Baddeley (1988; see also Helkala, Laulumaa, Soininen, & Riekkinen, 1989) argued that the memory impairment found in early DAT may in part be due to a deficit in working memory. More specifically, Morris and Baddeley argued that the Central Executive portion of working memory (Baddeley and Hitch, 1974) is "responsible for initiating and modulating the different mental processes associated with working memory and has a high degree of complexity which might make it especially vulnerable to the effects of dementia" (Morris & Baddeley, 1988, p. 284).Several models of language comprehension have stressed the importance of the ability to manage information on-line during the comprehension process (e.g., Gernsbacher, 1990Gernsbacher, , 1991 Carpenter & Just, 1988;Hasher & Zacks, 1988;Kintsch, 1988). Gernsbache...

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The occurrence of different intrusive errors in patients with Alzheimer's disease, multiple cerebral infarctions, and major depression

Cited by 56 publications

References 12 publications

Neuropsychological Deficits in Vascular Dementia in Relation to Alzheimer's Disease: Reviewing Evidence for Functional Similarity or Divergence

Neuropsychological Deficits in Vascular Dementia in Relation to Alzheimer's Disease: Reviewing Evidence for Functional Similarity or Divergence

Distinguishing between Vascular Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease by Means of the WAIS: A Meta-analysis

Inhibitory Control during Sentence Comprehension in Individuals with Dementia of the Alzheimer Type

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