The occurrence of Campylobacter subtypes in environmental reservoirs and potential transmission routes

Devane, Megan L.; Nicol, Carolyn; Ball, Andrew; Klena, John D.; Scholes, Paula; Hudson, John; Baker, Michael G; Gilpin, Brent; Garrett, Nick; Savill, M.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02541.x

Cited by 94 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The definition of a subtype cluster used in this study was indistinguishable PFGE patterns with both SmaI and KpnI restriction enzymes. The combination of Penner serotyping and PFGE (usually with SmaI) has been used and recommended by a number of researchers (9,27,31). While Penner serotyping did break down some SmaI types in this study, KpnI digestion provided better discrimination both to identify differences and confirm similarities (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Species of Campylobacter can be carried by a range of animal species including farm animals, wild birds, and pets (6,7,9,29) and spread via contaminated food, milk, water, and even flies (11). An increasing awareness has emerged of the importance of, first, identifying Campylobacter to the species level (17) and second, applying appropriate subtyping methodology (35).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Application of Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis To Identify Potential Outbreaks of Campylobacteriosis in New Zealand

et al. 2006

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Since 2002, New Zealand's incidence of campylobacteriosis has exceeded 300 cases per 100,000 people per annum. To evaluate genetic variation in human isolates, 183 Campylobacter isolates were collected from a single clinical laboratory in Christchurch: 77 during an 8-week period in spring, and the rest 3 months later over a second 8-week period in autumn. Isolates were identified to the species level and subtyped using Penner serotyping (Campylobacter jejuni only) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) using both SmaI and KpnI. Approximately two-thirds of the isolates could be grouped into clusters of between 2 and 26 isolates with indistinguishable SmaI and KpnI patterns. Less than 10% of the isolates were of the same type between the two sampling periods. The epidemiological relevance of the PFGE clusters was supported by temporal clustering, some spatial clustering, and some statistically significant demographic similarities among cases in a cluster. Conversely, patient cases yielding isolates which did not cluster with isolates from other cases were more likely to report recent overseas travel and less likely to live within larger urban centers. To identify whether these clusters actually represent common-source outbreaks, however, would require the detailed, rapid, and reiterative epidemiological investigation of cases within a PFGE cluster. The combined and timely application of subtyping and epidemiological investigation would appear to be a promising strategy for understanding campylobacteriosis in New Zealand.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Application of Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis To Identify Potential Outbreaks of Campylobacteriosis in New Zealand

et al. 2006

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“…in contrast, most Campylobacter species are pathogens with C.jejuni responsible for very high rates of enteric disease in New Zealand. Similar subspecies types of C.jejuni have been isolated from cattle and humans (Ross & Donnison 2003;Devane et al 2005) with 4% of the infectious rate estimated to be acquired from recreation in freshwater (McBride et al 2002). unlike E. coli, Campylobacter species do not survive well in the environment (Park 2002) and their presence reflects quite recent inputs of contamination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sawdust and bark to treat nitrogen and faecal bacteria in winter stand‐off pads on a dairy farm

Luo¹,

Donnison

Ross

et al. 2008

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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New Zealand farmers are increasingly using improved management systems including moving animals out of paddocks to protect wet soils from damage during winter. The cows can be held for up to 20 h a day on specially constructed unroofed outdoor stand-off pads. Afield study was undertaken to investigate excreta nitrogen (N) transformations, N and faecal bacterial transport to drainage, and denitrification N losses when Pinus radiata bark or sawdust were used as filling materials in stand-off pads. About 3 months after use only 4.0% of the N that was deposited on the bark or sawdust pad by cows had been transported to the drainage. Sim ilarly, after the 3 months of use only 9.8% of the Escherichia coli bacteria that were deposited on the bark pad had been transported to the drainage and with even less, 0.3%, leached from the sawdust pad. The sawdust pad tended to retain more Campylobacter than the bark pad. About 6 months after use, gaseous N losses due to denitrification from the sawdust or bark pad accounted for about 4.5 and 1.7% of the deposited excreta N, respectively. Denitrification activity was limited by the available nitrate in the pad materials, and decreased after cows were moved out of the pads.

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“…Undercooked poultry meat, infected water and unpasteurized milk have been identified as risk factors of the infection (Fitzgerald et al, 2001;Devane et al, 2005). Campylobacter spp.…”

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Prevalence of Campylobacter subtypes in pheasants (Phasianus colchicus spp. torquatus) in the Czech Republic

Nebola¹,

Bořilová²,

Steinhauserova³

2007

Vet. Med. - Czech

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At the turn of 2005 and 2006, cecal samples from 302 pheasants, from two flocks from a farm with intensive production, and from 200 wild birds were collected. The prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in the intestinal contents of pheasants from the farm was 70.20%. 50.47% of isolated strains were identified as C. coli and 41.40% as C. jejuni. In samples from wild pheasants, positive cultivation of Campylobacter spp. was proven in 27.5% of cases. A total of 15 PFGE subtypes were noted among the Campylobacter spp. isolates. C. jejuni strains could be divided into 16 fla-RFLP subtypes. No PFGE profile specific for C. jejuni and C. coli, respectively, was found. When comparing wild birds with farmed pheasants, there were eight possible combinations of PCR/RFLP and PFGE subtypes in wild birds and 40 combinations in farmed pheasants. No preferred combination of both subtypes was detected and all combinations were randomly ordered. To determine the significance of pheasants as a source of C. jejuni infection in humans, the RFLP and PFGE patterns of pheasant isolates are currently being compared with those of isolates from diarrheic patients.

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The occurrence of Campylobacter subtypes in environmental reservoirs and potential transmission routes

Cited by 94 publications

References 26 publications

Application of Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis To Identify Potential Outbreaks of Campylobacteriosis in New Zealand

Application of Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis To Identify Potential Outbreaks of Campylobacteriosis in New Zealand

Sawdust and bark to treat nitrogen and faecal bacteria in winter stand‐off pads on a dairy farm

Prevalence of Campylobacter subtypes in pheasants (Phasianus colchicus spp. torquatus) in the Czech Republic

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