The occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in doogh, kefir, and kashk in Hamadan, Iran

Abstract

Aflatoxin M 1 (AFM 1 ) is one of the mycotoxins found in milk and dairy products and is classified as a Group I carcinogen. In this study, samples of doogh (60), kefir (30), and kashk (20) were collected from Hamedan, Iran, and examined for AFM 1 contamination using the ELISA method. Ninety-two (83.64%) out of 110 samples were positive for AFM 1 , with the highest amount of contamination in kashk (90%) and the lowest amount of contamination in kefir (73.33%). The level of AFM 1 in four (3.64%) of the samples (3 samples of doogh and 1 sample of kashk) was higher than in the European Union (0.05 µg/kg). However, all samples had AFM 1 lower than Iran's allowable limit, i.e., 0.1 µg/kg. Due to the low mean level of contamination in samples compared with the allowable limit, there is no concern for human health. However, it is necessary to monitor these products to decrease AFM 1 incidence.

Investigation of the deoxynivalenol and ochratoxin A levels by high-performance liquid chromatography of cereals sold in the markets in Türkiye

“…Cereals, such as corn, wheat, and barley, are consumed by most people in the world as a primary source of energy and food. Contamination of crops, especially cereals, by molds during the pre-harvest and post-harvest stages can lead to the production of secondary toxic metabolites known as mycotoxins (Silva et al, 2022;Lima et al, 2022;Khorshidi et al, 2022). The main mycotoxins such as are aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, trichothecenes, fumonisins, zearalenone, and ochratoxin A are produced by Aspergillus, Penicillium, Alternaria, Claviceps and Fusarium species (Udovicki et al, 2018).…”