The nutritive value of barley, rye, wheat and corn for young chicks as affected by use of a Trichoderma reesei enzyme preparation

Marquardt, R. R.; Boros, D.; Guenter, W.; Crow, G. H.

doi:10.1016/0377-8401(94)90038-8

Cited by 88 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The dry matter apparent digestibility of the barleybased diets was slightly lower than other reported values for barley, but not out of line based on diet formulation. Marquardt et al 31 reported a dry matter digestibility of 67.5% for broilers fed barley-based diets, but their diets only included 69% barley, while the remainder of the diet was soybean meal, soybean concentrate, corn starch and tallow which are all highly digestible thereby increasing the overall digestibility of their diets. The lower apparent dry matter digestibility for birds fed the M422 diet can be attributed to the higher neutral detergent fiber content of this diet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus characterization in feces from broiler chicks fed low‐phytate barley diets

2007

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The inclusion of low phytate grains in poultry diets can reduce the phosphorus (P) content of poultry feces, but their influence on fecal P composition is not well established. To assess this, 100 male broiler chicks (21 days old) were fed dietary treatments based on either a wild-type barley or one of three low phytate mutant barleys with 59, 62 and 99% reductions in phytate P, compared with the normal barley diet. The birds were housed in raised-floor battery cages with mesh grate floors above fecal collection trays with five birds per pen and five pens per treatment. The birds were fed for 9 days and feces were collected twice a day during the last 2 days of the experiment. Total P concentrations were 14-24% lower in feces from birds fed low phytate barley diets compared with those fed the normal barley diet. Phosphorus digestibility increased (P < 0.05) as phytate in the barley diet decreased. Phosphate was the major P fraction in the feces (69-75% extracted P) regardless of the type of barley fed. Phytate constituted only 3-12% of the P in the feces, indicating its hydrolysis in the bird. Overall, these results suggest that feeding low-phytate barley diets can reduce P concentrations in poultry feces without causing significant changes in P composition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus characterization in feces from broiler chicks fed low‐phytate barley diets

2007

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“…Digestion in growing chickens fed diets based on wheat, rye or barley has been studied for a long time, since these cereals can sometimes result in reduced feed efficiency (Marquardt et al, 1994) and risk of intestinal bacterial overgrowth (Riddell and Kong, 1992) in chickens. These problems were mainly attributed to the high intestinal viscosity produced by watersoluble non-starch polysaccharides occurring in these cereals (Jensen et al, 1957;Murphy et al, 2009), resulting in negative effects on protein and lipid digestibilities (Choct and Annison, 1992;Carré et al, 2002), and increased intestinal retention time (Danicke et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These problems were mainly attributed to the high intestinal viscosity produced by watersoluble non-starch polysaccharides occurring in these cereals (Jensen et al, 1957;Murphy et al, 2009), resulting in negative effects on protein and lipid digestibilities (Choct and Annison, 1992;Carré et al, 2002), and increased intestinal retention time (Danicke et al, 1999). Therefore, enzyme feed additives were proposed to be used for alleviating viscosity problems in growing chickens (Marquardt et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, nutritional conclusions with wheat were somewhat different because the level of viscosity was much lower with wheat than with barley or rye (Marquardt et al, 1994;Carré et al, 2002), with weak negative relationships between in vitro viscosity and nutritional value of wheat (Carré et al, 2002). Negative relationships were also found between particle size or hardness of wheat and starch digestibility in growing chickens (Carré et al, 2002 and2005a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of gastrointestinal transit times between chickens from D+ and D− genetic lines selected for divergent digestion efficiency

Rougiere

Carré

2010

Animal

107

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D 1 (high digestion efficiency) and D 2 (low digestion efficiency) genetic chicken lines selected for divergent digestion efficiency were compared in this experiment. Gizzard functions were tested in terms of digesta mean retention time and reactions to high dilution of a corn diet with 15% coarse sunflower hulls. The corn standard (S) and high fibre (F) experimental diets were given from 9 days of age to chickens from both lines. Besides the measurements of growth efficiencies (9 to 20 days), digestibilities (20 to 23 days) and gut anatomy (0, 9, 29, 42 and 63 days), two digestive transit studies were performed at 9 and 29 days of age. For the transit studies, the S and F diets were labelled with 0.5% TiO 2 and 1% Cr-mordanted sunflower hulls. These diets were fed ad libitum during 3 days, and then the birds were euthanized. The digestive contents were analysed for the determination of marker concentrations and mean retention times (MRTs) in digestive compartments (crop 1 oesophagus, proventriculus 1 gizzard, duodenum 1 jejunum, ileum, rectum 1 cloaca and caeca) were determined. D 1 birds were confirmed as better digesters than D 2 birds during the growth period, in association with larger gizzard and pancreas, and lighter small intestine in D 1 than in D 2 birds. The MRT in the proventriculus-gizzard system, higher in D 1 than in D 2 birds, was a major factor associated with differences between D 1 and D 2 birds regarding digestion efficiencies and gut anatomy. Diet dilution with fibres reduced differences in digestion efficiencies and proventriculus-gizzard MRT between lines. Differences in gut anatomy between lines tended to disappear after 8 weeks of age. In conclusion, this study showed that MRT in the proventriculus-gizzard system was a major factor associated with genotype differences between the D 1 and D 2 genetic chicken lines selected for divergent digestion efficiency, with longer MRT found in D 1 than in D 2 birds.

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“…Cowan (1990) reported a 2-3% increase in efficiency of feed utilisation by birds fed on diets containing enzymes compared with controls. The improvements in broiler performance resulting from the feeding of dietary enzymes have been attributed to their ability to facilitate access of enzymes to intracellular starch granules, proteins and other nutrients by breaking down otherwise intact bonds between non-starch polysaccharides (Marquardt et al, 1994). In addition, enzymes are known to reduce digesta viscosity induced by the presence of high molecular weight non-starch polysaccharides (Pettersson and Aman, 1989).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary enzyme on broiler chickens fed diets containing wheat bran

Osei¹,

Oduro²

2000

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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Two hundred and eighty-eight 3-week-old mixed-sex broiler chickens were randomly divided into three dietary treatment groups and fed diets containing 0, 100 or 200 g/kg of dietary enzyme, respectively, for four weeks. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum. The parameters studied included growth rate, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, carcass evaluation, and the economics of production.The addition of dietary enzyme significantly reduced feed consumption (P<0.05); on the other hand, feed conversion efficiency and growth rate improved significantly with increasing levels of enzyme incorporation (P<0.05). The reduction in feed intake compared with birds on the control diet ranged from approximately 10 to 15%. At seven weeks of age, birds on the 100 g/kg and 200 g/kg enzyme were respectively 1.9 and 5.8% heavier than their counterparts on the diet with no added enzyme. Birds fed diets containing the highest level of enzyme were 21.1% more efficient in converting feed to body constituents. Carcass dressing percentage increased significantly with added enzyme (PO.05).Dietary enzyme significantly decreased the total cost of feed per bird and the cost per kg gain. Enzyme added at 200 g/kg diet was the most economical.

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The nutritive value of barley, rye, wheat and corn for young chicks as affected by use of a Trichoderma reesei enzyme preparation

Cited by 88 publications

References 37 publications

Phosphorus characterization in feces from broiler chicks fed low‐phytate barley diets

Phosphorus characterization in feces from broiler chicks fed low‐phytate barley diets

Comparison of gastrointestinal transit times between chickens from D+ and D− genetic lines selected for divergent digestion efficiency

Effects of dietary enzyme on broiler chickens fed diets containing wheat bran

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