The nutrition of poultry as a factor affecting litter quality and foot pad dermatitis – an updated review

Świątkiewicz, Sylwester; Arczewska-Włosek, Anna; Józefiak, Damian

doi:10.1111/jpn.12630

Cited by 56 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Contact dermatitis conditions are associated with various management parameters, including poor litter conditions, season, and increased bird age ( Menzies et al., 1998 ; Haslam et al., 2007 ; de Jong et al., 2012 ; Bassler et al., 2013 ; Kaukonen et al., 2016 ). Poor litter conditions occur when a high absorbance load is placed on litter, and this is affected by the type of litter, the dietary formulation, intestinal disease, type of drinkers, stocking density, and other environmental factors such as temperature and humidity in the chicken house ( Ekstrand et al., 1997 ; Menzies et al., 1998 ; Meluzzi et al., 2008 ; de Jong et al., 2012 ; Swiatkiewicz et al., 2017 ). The moisture absorbing and releasing capacities of litter material are important to avoid lesion formation.…”

Section: Methodological Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential contaminants and hazards in alternative chicken bedding materials and proposed guidance levels: a review

Gerber

Gould²,

McGahan³

2020

Poultry Science

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Bedding material or litter is an important requirement of meat chicken production which can influence bird welfare, health, and food safety. A substantial increase in demand and cost of chicken bedding has stimulated interest in alternative bedding sources worldwide. However, risks arising from the use of alternative bedding materials for raising meat chickens are currently unknown. Organic chemicals, elemental, and biological contaminants, as well as physical and management hazards need to be managed in litter to protect the health of chickens and consequently that of human consumers. This requires access to information on the transfer of contaminants from litter to food to inform risk profiles and assessments to guide litter risk management. In this review, contaminants and hazards of known and potential concern in alternative bedding are described and compared with existing standards for feed. The contaminants considered in this review include organic chemical contaminants (e.g., pesticides), elemental contaminants (e.g., arsenic, cadmium, and lead), biological contaminants (phytotoxins, mycotoxins, and microorganisms), physical hazards, and management hazards. Reference is made to scientific literature for acceptable levels of the above contaminants in chicken feed that can be used for guidance by those involved in selecting and using bedding materials.

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Section: Methodological Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential contaminants and hazards in alternative chicken bedding materials and proposed guidance levels: a review

Gerber

Gould²,

McGahan³

2020

Poultry Science

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“…The direct effects of the heat exposure on broiler chickens is reduced feed intake ( FI ) and BW gain, which negatively affects overall performance (Donkoh, 1989 ). Reduced FI is followed by high water consumption, which results in prevalence of foot-pad dermatitis ( FPD ) (Swiatkiewicz et al, 2017 ). Excessive hyperthermia often accompanied by increased stocking density is a major cause of a sudden death syndrome (Imaeda, 2000 ) and high mortality rates during transportation in the summer months (Warriss et al, 2005 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of galactooligosaccharides delivered in ovo on mitigating negative effects of heat stress on performance and welfare of broilers

et al. 2020

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Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) delivered in ovo improve intestinal health of broiler chickens. This study aimed to demonstrate the impact of in ovo stimulation with GOS prebiotic on day 12 of egg incubation on performance and welfare traits in broiler chickens. The incubating eggs were divided into 3 groups, based on the substance injected in ovo: 3.5 mg of GOS dissolved in 0.2 mL physiological saline (GOS), 0.2 mL physiological saline (S), or uninjected controls (C). Constant heat stress (HS) was induced on days 32 to 42 post-hatch by increasing environmental temperature to 30°C. Thermoneutral (TN) animals were kept at 25°C. The performance (body weight [BW], daily feed intake [DFI], daily weight gain [DWG], and feed conversion rate [FCR]) were measured and mortality was scored for starter (days 0 to 13), grower (days 14 to 27), and finisher (days 28 to 42) feeding phases. Rectal temperature was scored on days 32 to 42. Food-pad dermatitis (FPD) was scored post-mortem (day 42). GOS increased ( P < 0.01) BW on day 42 (2.892 kg in GOS vs. 2.758 kg in C). Heat stress significantly reduced ( P < 0.01) final BW (2.516 kg in TN vs. 3.110 kg in HS). During finisher phase, DFI was significantly higher in GOS vs. C (173.2 g vs. 165.7 g; P < 0.05). FCR calculated for the entire rearing period (days 0 to 42) ranged from 1.701 in C to 1.653 in GOS ( P < 0.05). GOS improved FCR in HS animals during finisher phase ( P < 0.05). Rectal temperature of GOS chickens under HS reached 42.5°C 1 day earlier than C and S ( P < 0.05), which suggests that those birds recovered earlier from the high environmental temperature. Heat stress increased ( P < 0.05) mortality about 5 times compared to TN during finisher phase (from 1.59% in TN to 7.69% in HS). GOS decreased FPD in TN conditions by 20% (no lesions in 81% in GOS vs. 60% in C). GOS delivered in ovo mitigated negative effects of HS on performance and welfare in broiler chickens.

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“…Footpad dermatitis and HB are a type of contact dermatitis, which also refers to breast blisters, which is characterized by hyperkeratosis and epidermal necrosis, and even tissue ulceration with subcutaneous inflammatory reaction in the most severe cases (Greene et al, 1985;Swiatkiewicz et al, 2017). The condition can be worsened by secondary infections (Berg, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of litter type and perches on footpad dermatitis and hock burn in broilers housed at different stocking densities

Matković¹,

Marušić²,

Ostović³

et al. 2019

SA J. An. Sci.

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The aim of the study was to assess the effect of litter type and environmental enrichment on the occurrence of footpad dermatitis and hock burns in broilers housed at low and high stocking densities. Chopped straw and sand were used as litter, and perches as environmental enrichment. Low and high stocking density implied 12 chickens/m 2 and 20 chickens/m 2 , respectively. The study sample was divided into four groups of 50 birds, which were observed during a six-week fattening period. A significantly higher rate of severe footpad dermatitis was recorded in the group of chickens raised on sand at high stocking density, compared with low stocking density, whereas no significant difference was found between the groups of chickens raised on straw at different stocking densities. The rate of footpad dermatitis was also significantly higher in the group of chickens raised on sand at high stocking density, compared with chickens raised on straw at the same stocking density. There were no group differences in the occurrences of hock burns and perching. However, a significant negative correlation was recorded between perching and the occurrence of footpad dermatitis and hock burns. According to the occurrence of footpad dermatitis and hock burns, the study results suggested that chopped straw and sand were equally acceptable as litter for broilers, yet sand should be avoided at high stocking densities. There was no effect of stocking density and litter type on perching, but perches as a form of environmental enrichment proved efficient in reducing the rate of footpad dermatitis and hock burns.

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The nutrition of poultry as a factor affecting litter quality and foot pad dermatitis – an updated review

Cited by 56 publications

References 51 publications

Potential contaminants and hazards in alternative chicken bedding materials and proposed guidance levels: a review

Potential contaminants and hazards in alternative chicken bedding materials and proposed guidance levels: a review

Impact of galactooligosaccharides delivered in ovo on mitigating negative effects of heat stress on performance and welfare of broilers

Effect of litter type and perches on footpad dermatitis and hock burn in broilers housed at different stocking densities

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