The nutrient‐sensing repertoires of mouse enterochromaffin cells differ between duodenum and colon

Martin, Alyce M.; Lumsden, Amanda L.; Young, Richard L.; Jessup, Claire F.; Spencer, Nick J.; Keating, Damien J.

doi:10.1111/nmo.13046

Cited by 56 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…In this issue of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, Martin et al . reveal remarkable differences in expression levels for nutrient receptor and transporter genes in highly enriched isolates of EC cells from mouse duodenum and colon.…”

Section: Heterogeneity Of 5‐ht Roles and Cell Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The paper of Martin et al. in the current issue reveals free fatty acid receptor (FFAR) expression by duodenal EEC that contain 5‐HT . It is feasible that duodenal EC that express FFAR are the 5‐HT/CCK cells discussed above.…”

Section: Heterogeneity Of 5‐ht Roles and Cell Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this issue of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, Martin et al 10 reveal remarkable differences in expression levels for nutrient receptor and transporter genes in highly enriched isolates of EC cells from mouse duodenum and colon. Examples are mRNA for the glucose transporter, GLUT2, being enriched more than 400 fold in EC of the duodenum compared to those from colon, and the long-chain fatty acid receptor, FFAR4, being enriched 45 fold in the colon compared to duodenum.…”

Section: Heterogeneity Of 5-ht Roles and Cell Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EEC is consistent with there being different subtypes of 5-HT producing EEC, the various physiological roles of 5-HT have not yet been ascribed to EC with different patterns of receptor, transporter or cohormone expression and different locations in the gut. To determine the relationships of expression patterns and physiological roles is an important challenge for the future.The paper of Martin et al in the current issue reveals free fatty acid receptor (FFAR) expression by duodenal EEC that contain 5-HT 10. …”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

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Heterogeneity of enterochromaffin cells within the gastrointestinal tract

Diwakarla

Fothergill

Fakhry

et al. 2017

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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Enterochromaffin cells were the first endocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tract to be chemically distinguished, almost 150 years ago. It is now known that the chromaffin reaction of these cells was due to their content of the reactive aromatic amine, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, also known as serotonin). They have commonly been thought to be a special class of gut endocrine cells (enteroendocrine cells) that are distinct from the enteroendocrine cells that contain peptide hormones. The study by Martin et al in the current issue of this journal reveals that the patterns of expression of nutrient receptors and transporters differ considerably between chromaffin cells of the mouse duodenum and colon. However, even within regions chromaffin cells differ; in the duodenum there are chromaffin cells that contain both secretin and 5-HT, cholecystokinin and 5-HT, and all three of secretin, cholecystokinin and 5-HT. Moreover, the ratios of these different cell types differ substantially between species. And, in terms of function, 5-HT has many roles, including in appetite, motility, fluid secretion, release of digestive enzymes and bone metabolism. The paper thus emphasizes the need to define the many different classes of enterochromaffin cells and relate this to their roles.

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Section: Heterogeneity Of 5‐ht Roles and Cell Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Heterogeneity Of 5‐ht Roles and Cell Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Heterogeneity Of 5-ht Roles and Cell Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 92%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Heterogeneity of enterochromaffin cells within the gastrointestinal tract

Diwakarla

Fothergill

Fakhry

et al. 2017

Neurogastroenterology Motil

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Indeed, 5-HT cells in the duodenum exhibit a remarkably distinct repertoire of nutrient receptors compared to 5-HT cells in the colon (Martin et al 2017). Another study by this group compared functional responses in duodenal and colonic mouse 5-HT cells, and found that duodenal cells secreted more 5-HT in response to glucose than to fructose or sucrose, and that the opposite was true of colonic 5-HT cells (Martin et al 2017). Intraluminal glucose stimulated GLP-1 secretion from mouse upper small intestine but not from the colon (Moriya et al 2009).…”

Section: Species and Regional Differences In Eec Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of enteroendocrine cells investigated at cellular and subcellular levels: the need for a new classification scheme

Fothergill

Furness

2018

Histochem Cell Biol

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Enteroendocrine cells were historically classified by a letter code, each linked to a single hormone, deduced to be the only hormone produced by the cell. One type, the L cell, was recognised to store and secrete two products, peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon-related peptides. Many other exceptions to the one cell – one hormone classifications have been reported over the last 40 years or so, and yet the one hormone dogma has persisted. In the last 6 years, a plethora of data has appeared that makes the concept unviable. Here we describe the evidence that multiple hormone transcripts and their products reside in single cells and evidence that the hormones are often, but not always, processed into separate storage vesicles. It has become clear that most enteroendocrine cells contain multiple hormones. For example, most secretin cells contain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and in mouse many of these also contain cholecystokinin (CCK). Furthermore, CCK cells also commonly store ghrelin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), neurotensin, and PYY. Several hormones, for example secretin and 5-HT, are in separate storage vesicles at a subcellular level. Hormone patterns can differ considerably between species. Another complication is that relative levels of expression vary substantially. This means that data are significantly influenced by the sensitivities of detection techniques. For example, a hormone that can be detected in storage vesicles by super-resolution microscopy may not be above threshold for detection by conventional fluorescence microscopy. New nomenclature for cell clusters with common attributes will need to be devised and old classifications abandoned.

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Mechanisms underlying the gut–brain communication: How enterochromaffin (EC) cells activate vagal afferent nerve endings in the small intestine

Spencer,

Kyloh,

Travis

et al. 2024

J of Comparative Neurology

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How the gastrointestinal tract communicates with the brain, via sensory nerves, is of significant interest for our understanding of human health and disease. Enterochromaffin (EC) cells in the gut mucosa release a variety of neurochemicals, including the largest quantity of 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) in the body. How 5‐HT and other substances released from EC cells activate sensory nerve endings in the gut wall remains a major unresolved mystery. We used in vivo anterograde tracing from nodose ganglia to determine the spatial relationship between 5‐HT synthesizing and peptide‐YY (PYY)‐synthesizing EC cells and their proximity to vagal afferent nerve endings that project to the mucosa of mouse small intestine. The shortest mean distances between single 5‐HT‐ and PYY‐synthesizing EC cells and the nearest vagal afferent nerve endings in the mucosa were 33.1 ± 14.4 µm (n = 56; N = 6) and 70.3 ± 32.3 µm (n = 16; N = 6). No morphological evidence was found to suggest that 5‐HT‐ or PYY‐containing EC cells form close morphological associations with vagal afferents endings, or varicose axons of passage. The large distances between EC cells and vagal afferent endings are many hundreds of times greater than those known to underlie synaptic transmission in the nervous system (typically 10–15 nm). Taken together, the findings lead to the inescapable conclusion that communication between 5‐HT‐containing EC cells and vagal afferent nerve endings in the mucosa of the mouse small intestinal occurs in a paracrine fashion, via diffusion.New and Noteworthy None of the findings here are consistent with a view that close physical contacts occur between 5‐HT‐containing EC cells and vagal afferent nerve endings in mouse small intestine. Rather, the findings suggest that gut–brain communication between EC cells and vagal afferent endings occurs via passive diffusion. The morphological data presented do not support the view that EC cells are physically close enough to vagal afferent endings to communicate via fast synaptic transmission.

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The nutrient‐sensing repertoires of mouse enterochromaffin cells differ between duodenum and colon

Cited by 56 publications

References 58 publications

Heterogeneity of enterochromaffin cells within the gastrointestinal tract

Heterogeneity of enterochromaffin cells within the gastrointestinal tract

Diversity of enteroendocrine cells investigated at cellular and subcellular levels: the need for a new classification scheme

Mechanisms underlying the gut–brain communication: How enterochromaffin (EC) cells activate vagal afferent nerve endings in the small intestine

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