The Numerical Simulation of Clouds, Rains and Airflow over the Vosges and Black Forest Mountains: A Meso-β Model with Parameterized Microphysics

Nickerson, Everett C.; Richard, Évelyne; Rosset, R.; Smith, David R.

doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1986)114<0398:tnsocr>2.0.co;2

Cited by 99 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…This work was taken up by Feingold et al [22] in a simulation of marine stratocumulus. Nickerson et al [23] use the Log-Normal Distribution for raindrops in a study of clouds and rain over mountainous terrain, while Höller [24] uses the Log-Normal Distribution for cloud droplets when parameterizing droplet collection.…”

Section: Choices For the Distribution Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study of B-, Γ- and Log-Normal Distributions in a Three-Moment Parameterization for Drop Sedimentation

Ziemer

Wacker

2014

Atmosphere

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This paper examines different distribution functions used in a three-moment parameterization scheme with regard to their influence on the implementation and the results of the parameterization scheme. In parameterizations with moment methods, the prognostic variables are interpreted as statistical moments of a drop size distribution, for which a functional form has to be assumed. In cloud microphysics, parameterizations are frequently based on gamma-and log-normal distributions, while for particle-laden flows in engineering, the beta-distribution is sometimes used. In this study, the three-moment schemes with beta-, gamma-and log-normal distributions are tested in a 1D framework for drop sedimentation, and their results are compared with those of a spectral reference model. The gamma-distribution performs best. The results of the parameterization with the beta-and the log-normal distribution have less similarity to the reference solution, particularly with regard to number density and rain rate. Theoretical considerations reveal that (depending on the type of the distribution function) only selected combinations of moments can be predicted together. Among these is the important combination of "number density, liquid water content, radar reflectivity" for all three distributions. Advection or source/sink terms can only be calculated under certain conditions on the moment values (positivity of the Hankel-Hadamard determinant). These are derived from mathematical theory ("moment problem") and are more restrictive for three-moment than for two-moment schemes.Atmosphere 2014, 5 485

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Section: Choices For the Distribution Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study of B-, Γ- and Log-Normal Distributions in a Three-Moment Parameterization for Drop Sedimentation

Ziemer

Wacker

2014

Atmosphere

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“…The turbulence parametrization is a one-anda-half-order closure scheme, involving a prognostic equation for turbulence kinetic energy, computation of mixing lengths, and a Richardson-number-dependent formulation for the Prandtl numbers (Cuxart et al 1995). The parametrization of surface processes is the well-known ISBA scheme (Noilhan and Planton, 1989), allowing for a detailed representation of the e ects of various vegetation and soil properties. A warm microphysics parametrization following Kessler (1969) has been introduced.…”

Section: Idealized 3d Baroclinic Wavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The research version of the PERIDOT limited-area model of the CNRM (Bougeault et al, 1991) is a hydrostatic, primitive equation model in sigma vertical coordinate, with a complete but simple physical package. The SALSA model (Nickerson et al, 1986) developed at the LA, shares many characteristics with the previous one, but has di erent physics. Finally CNRM has developed a cloudresolving model, also allowing for large eddy simulations (Redelsperger and Lafore, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Meso-NH Atmospheric Simulation System. Part I: adiabatic formulation and control simulations

et al. 1998

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Abstract. The Meso-NH Atmospheric Simulation System is a joint e ort of the Centre National de Recherches MeÂ teÂ orologiques and Laboratoire d'AeÂ rologie. It comprises several elements; a numerical model able to simulate the atmospheric motions, ranging from the large meso-alpha scale down to the micro-scale, with a comprehensive physical package, a¯exible ®le manager, an ensemble of facilities to prepare initial states, either idealized or interpolated from meteorological analyses or forecasts, a¯exible post-processing and graphical facility to visualize the results, and an ensemble of interactive procedures to control these functions. Some of the distinctive features of this ensemble are the following: the model is currently based on the Lipps and Hemler form of the anelastic system, but may evolve towards a more accurate form of the equations system. In the future, it will allow for simultaneous simulation of several scales of motion, by the so-called``interactive grid-nesting technique''. It allows for the in-line computation and accumulation of various terms of the budget of several quantities. It allows for the transport and di usion of passive scalars, to be coupled with a chemical module. It uses the relatively new Fortran 90 compiler. It is tailored to be easily implemented on any UNIX machine. Meso-NH is designed as a research tool for small and meso-scale atmospheric processes. It is freely accessible to the research community, and we have tried to make it as``user-friendly'' as possible, and as general as possible, although these two goals sometimes appear contradictory. The present paper presents a general description of the adiabatic formulation and some of the basic validation simulations. A list of the currently available physical parametrizations and initialization methods is also given. A more precise description of these aspects will be provided in a further paper.

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“…In the previously mentioned bulk microphysical models, only one moment of the distribution is predicted (usually mixing ratio) while the other moments are diagnosed or prescribed. An improvement in the representation of the hydrometeor spectra has been to predict two moments of the hydrometeor distribution, namely, the mixing ratio and the number concentration, and to diagnose the mean diameter (Ziegler, 1985;Nickerson et al, 1986;Murakami, 1990;Wang and Chang, 1993;Ferrier, 1994). Srivastava (1978) noted the advantages of predicting two parameters of the hydrometeor size spectra especially in precipitation processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New RAMS cloud microphysics parameterization. Part II: The two-moment scheme

Meyers

Walko

Harrington

et al. 1997

Atmospheric Research

440

331

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This paper is the second in a series of articles describing the new microphysics scheme in the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS). In this part, a new two-moment microphysical parameterization is described. The proposed scheme predicts the mixing ratio and number concentration of rain, pristine ice crystals, snow, aggregates, graupel and hail. The general gamma distribution is the basis function used for hydrometeor size in each category. Additional features include: use of stochastic collection for number concentration tendency; breakup of rain droplets formulated into the collection efficiency; diagnosis of ice crystal habit dependent on temperature and saturation; evaporation and melting of each species assuming that the smallest particles completely disappear first; and more complex shedding formulations which take into account the amount of water mass on the coalesced hydrometeor. Preliminary sensitivity testing of the new microphysical scheme in an idealized convective simulation shows that the two-moment prediction scheme allows more flexibility of the size distribution enabling the mean diameter to evolve in contrast to the one-moment scheme. Sensitivity to the prescribed input parameters such as cloud droplet concentrations and the shape parameter v is demonstrated in the model results. © 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.

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The Numerical Simulation of Clouds, Rains and Airflow over the Vosges and Black Forest Mountains: A Meso-β Model with Parameterized Microphysics

Cited by 99 publications

References 0 publications

A Comparative Study of B-, Γ- and Log-Normal Distributions in a Three-Moment Parameterization for Drop Sedimentation

A Comparative Study of B-, Γ- and Log-Normal Distributions in a Three-Moment Parameterization for Drop Sedimentation

The Meso-NH Atmospheric Simulation System. Part I: adiabatic formulation and control simulations

New RAMS cloud microphysics parameterization. Part II: The two-moment scheme

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