The number of people with glaucoma worldwide in 2010 and 2020

Quigley, Harry A.

doi:10.1136/bjo.2005.081224

Cited by 6,287 publications

(4,735 citation statements)

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“…It is estimated that by 2020 there will be 79.6 million glaucoma patients worldwide (Quigley & Broman 2006). Glaucoma can be classified based on the iridocorneal angle into open‐angle, closed‐angle and developmental glaucoma, which are further divided into primary and secondary types (Kwon et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy and safety of different regimens for primary open‐angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis

Huang

Zhang

2017

Acta Ophthalmologica

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PurposeTo assess the efficacy and safety of different regimens, including monotherapy and double therapy, for primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG) or ocular hypertension.MethodsWe searched PubMed, EMBASE and clinicaltrials.gov for studies that fit our inclusion criteria in this network meta‐analysis. Randomized controlled trials that report data on efficacy and safety of medications for POAG or ocular hypertension are included. Data on intra‐ocular pressure (IOP) lowering effect and incidence of adverse events including hyperaemia and ocular discomfort were extracted and used in mixed‐comparison analysis.ResultsThis study includes 72 randomized trials. Data were available on 12 medical treatments of POAG or ocular hypertension. Of 66 possible comparisons of outcome efficacy, 15 treatments were compared directly. Compared to prostaglandin analogues (PGA), beta‐blockers (BB) showed relatively weaker ability to lower IOP, followed by α2‐adrenergic agonists (AA) and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAI). For dual therapy, regimens composed of a combination of PGA with another treatment demonstrated more powerful IOP lowering efficacy, while the combination of two non‐PGA drugs had lower efficacy in controlling IOP than PGA alone. There was no statistical significance in combinations that did not include PGA on efficacy of IOP control. In terms of tolerance, PGA alone leads to more severe hyperaemia than any other monotherapy regimen, while BBs have the lowest effect on the incidence of hyperaemia. Most dual therapy regimens containing PGA also lead to serious hyperaemia, with the exception of PGA + AA. Compared to regimens containing PGA, those with BB are less likely to cause hyperaemia.ConclusionOur network meta‐analysis showed that PGAs provide best IOP lowering effect among all the monotherapy regimen. Combination of PGA and other category of drugs leads to better IOP decrease. Combination of BB and another non‐PGA drug may have less ocular side‐effects than PGA alone.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2016). Incidence of POAG increases with age and is higher in women than men (Quigley & Broman 2006). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and safety of different regimens for primary open‐angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis

Huang

Zhang

2017

Acta Ophthalmologica

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“…It is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide 1 . Primary open angle glaucoma (OAG) is the commonest subtype 1 . OAG pathogenesis and factors determining disease progression are poorly understood.…”

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confidence: 99%

Genome-wide association study identifies susceptibility loci for open angle glaucoma at TMCO1 and CDKN2B-AS1

et al. 2011

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A genome-wide association study (GWAS) for open angle glaucoma (OAG) blindness was conducted using a discovery cohort of 590 cases with severe visual field loss and 3956 controls. Genome-wide significant associations were identified at TMCO1 (rs4656461 (G) OR=1.68, p=6.1x10 -10 ) and CDKN2B-AS1 (rs4977756 (A) OR = 1.50, p=4.7x10 -9 ). These findings were replicated in a second cohort of advanced OAG cases (rs4656461 p=0.010; rs4977756 p=0.042) and two further cohorts of less severe OAG. The study wide odds ratios are 1.51 (1.35-1.68), p=6.00x10 -14 at TMCO1, and 1.39 (1.28-1.51), p=1.35x10 -14 at CDKN2B-AS1 (also known as CDKN2BAS and ANRIL). Carriers of 1 or more risk alleles at both loci concurrently are at >3-fold increased risk of glaucoma. We demonstrate retinal expression of genes at both loci, and show that CDKN2A and CDKN2B are strongly upregulated in an animal model of glaucoma.Glaucoma is a group of neurodegenerative ocular diseases united by a clinically characteristic optic neuropathy. It is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide 1 . Primary open angle glaucoma (OAG) is the commonest subtype 1 . OAG pathogenesis and factors determining disease progression are poorly understood. Early intervention with measures to reduce intraocular pressure retards visual loss in most individuals 2 , but many cases of glaucoma remain undiagnosed until irreversible vision loss has occurred. Elucidation of SNPs associated with severe outcomes could enable better targeting of treatments which carry cost and morbidity, to individuals at highest risk of blindness. Linkage and candidate gene studies have identified several genes likely to be involved in OAG including myocilin 3 and NTF4 4 , although for the latter, findings have varied in different populations 5 . A recent GWAS using Icelandic OAG cases of unselected severity identified association with variants near CAV1 6 . To identify genes predisposing individuals to OAG blindness, we performed a GWAS in Australian Caucasians with advanced OAG (individuals with OAG who have progressed to severe visual field loss or blindness).

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“…Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy that when untreated may cause irreversible blindness; it affects 60 million people worldwide. 1 There are strong medical benefits in favor of predictive genetic testing for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG; OMIM no. 137760), the most common type of glaucoma.…”

confidence: 99%

Predictive genetic testing experience for myocilin primary open-angle glaucoma using the Australian and New Zealand Registry of Advanced Glaucoma

Souzeau

Glading

Keane

et al. 2014

Genetics in Medicine

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Purpose: Predictive genetic testing of relatives of known myocilin (MYOC) gene mutation carriers is an appropriate strategy to identify individuals at risk for glaucoma. It is likely to prevent irreversible blindness in this high-risk group because this treatable condition might otherwise be diagnosed late. The Australian and New Zealand Registry of Advanced Glaucoma has established genetic testing protocols for known glaucoma genes, including MYOC. Methods:Through the Australian and New Zealand Registry of Advanced Glaucoma, we investigated the experience of 40 unaffected individuals who had undergone predictive genetic testing for MYOC mutations through questionnaires. Results:The main motivations for being tested were (i) to make appropriate interventions and (ii) to reduce uncertainty. All our respondents perceived strong benefits, either medical or emotional, in being tested. However, different concerns were raised by the respondents that need to be addressed during counseling. Greater family awareness was reported by the majority of the respondents, and the ability to provide information to children was a strong motivation for being tested. Conclusion:This study provides valuable information on the personal and familial impacts of having predictive genetic testing for glaucoma, which will help health professionals to better address the issues faced by patients and provide them adequate support.

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The number of people with glaucoma worldwide in 2010 and 2020

Cited by 6,287 publications

References 48 publications

Efficacy and safety of different regimens for primary open‐angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis

Efficacy and safety of different regimens for primary open‐angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis

Genome-wide association study identifies susceptibility loci for open angle glaucoma at TMCO1 and CDKN2B-AS1

Predictive genetic testing experience for myocilin primary open-angle glaucoma using the Australian and New Zealand Registry of Advanced Glaucoma

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