The Nrf2 Activator (DMF) and Covid-19: Is there a Possible Role?

Hassan, Saif M.; Jawad, Mahmood J.; Ahjel, Salam Waheed; Singh, Ram Baran; Singh, Jaipaul; Awad, Samir M.; Hadi, Najah R.

doi:10.5455/medarh.2020.74.134-138

Cited by 50 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Such elevations in oxidative stress would promote antioxidant signaling, however, numerous respiratory viral infections, such as respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, and influenza, have perturbed antioxidant defense mechanisms by inhibiting antioxidant enzyme induction (84). Interestingly, it has been proposed that Nrf2 activators could be a potential therapeutic strategy for inhibiting viral entry of SARS-CoV-2 (85), and may also pose a benefit to endothelial repair and functioning by the scavenging of free radicals, reducing oxidative stress, and inhibiting pro-inflammatory signaling.…”

Section: Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular Manifestations of COVID-19 – Thromboembolism and Microvascular Dysfunction

Roberts

Colley

Agbaedeng

et al. 2020

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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The coronavirus pandemic has reportedly infected over 31.5 million individuals and caused over 970,000 deaths worldwide (as of 22nd Sept 2020). This novel coronavirus, officially named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), although primarily causes significant respiratory distress, can have significant deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system. Severe cases of the virus frequently result in respiratory distress requiring mechanical ventilation, often seen, but not confined to, individuals with pre-existing hypertension and cardiovascular disease, potentially due to the fact that the virus can enter the circulation via the lung alveoli. Here the virus can directly infect vascular tissues, via TMPRSS2 spike glycoprotein priming, thereby facilitating ACE-2-mediated viral entry. Clinical manifestations, such as vasculitis, have been detected in a number of vascular beds (e.g., lungs, heart, and kidneys), with thromboembolism being observed in patients suffering from severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19), suggesting the virus perturbs the vasculature, leading to vascular dysfunction. Activation of endothelial cells via the immune-mediated inflammatory response and viral infection of either endothelial cells or cells involved in endothelial homeostasis, are some of the multifaceted mechanisms potentially involved in the pathogenesis of vascular dysfunction within COVID-19 patients. In this review, we examine the evidence of vascular manifestations of SARS-CoV-2, the potential mechanism(s) of entry into vascular tissue and the contribution of endothelial cell dysfunction and cellular crosstalk in this vascular tropism of SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, we discuss the current evidence on hypercoagulability and how it relates to increased microvascular thromboembolic complications in COVID-19.

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Section: Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular Manifestations of COVID-19 – Thromboembolism and Microvascular Dysfunction

Roberts

Colley

Agbaedeng

et al. 2020

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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“…Patients with coronary artery disease and heart failure may be at particular risk as a result of coronary plaque rupture, secondary to virally induced systemic inflammation, and rigorous use of plaque stabilizing agents (aspirin, statins, beta-blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors) has been suggested as a possible therapeutic strategy ( 1 , 3 , 25 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) in COVID-19 Pandemic Era

Gerc¹,

Mašić²,

Salihefendić³

et al. 2020

Mater Sociomed

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Introduction: COVID-19 is the disease caused by an infection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, previously known as 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) respiratory disease. World Health Organization (WHO) declared the official name as COVID-19 in February 2020 and in 11 th March 2020 declared COVID-19 as Global Pandemic. In June 6 th 2020, over 7 million cases registered in the world, recovered 3.4 million and death over 402.000. Aim: The aim of this study is to retreive published papers about COVID-19 infection deposited in PubMed data base and analyzed current results of investigations regarding morbidity and mortality rates as consequences of COVID-19 infection and opinions of experts about treatment of afected patients with COVID-19 who have Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Methods: It’s used method of descriptive analysis of the published papers with described studies about Corona virus connected with CVDs. Results: After searching current scientific literature (on PubMed till today is deposited more than 1.000 papers about COVID-19 with consequences in almost every medical disciplines), we have acknowledged that till today not any Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) study in the world. Also, there are no unique proposed ways of treatments and drugs to protect patients, especially people over 65 years old, who are very risk group to be affected with COVID-19, including patients with CVDs. Vaccine against COVID-19 is already produced and being in phases of testing in praxis in treatment of COVID-19 at affected patients, but the opinions of experts and common people whole over the world about vaccination are full of controversis. Conclusion: Frequent hand washing, avoiding crowds and contact with sick people, and cleaning and disinfecting frequently touched surfaces can help prevent coronavirus infections are the main proposal of WHO experts in current Guidelines, artefacts stored on a web site. Those preventive measures at least can help to everybody, including also the patients who have evidenced CVDs in their histories of illness. Authors analyzed most important dilemmas about all aspects of CVDs, including etipathogenesis, treatment with current drugs and use of potential discovered vaccines against COVID-19 infection, described in scientific papers deposited in PubMed data base.

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“…Binding of viral protein to ACE-2 leads to virus entry. ACE-2 gene expression in oral tissues [ 46 , 47 ], lungs [ 48 , 49 ], kidney [ 50 ], stomach [ 51 ], and colon [ 52 ] has been shown to repress NRF2 [ 53 ]. The role of NRF2 in viral infections was investigated in the context of both DNA and RNA viruses [ 54 ].…”

Section: Mechanism Of Infection In Oral and Overall Body Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Oral Health: Therapeutic Opportunities and Challenges

Coke

Davison

Fields

et al. 2021

JCM

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The novel corona virus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the disease it causes, COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease-2019) have had multi-faceted effects on a number of lives on a global scale both directly and indirectly. A growing body of evidence suggest that COVID-19 patients experience several oral health problems such as dry mouth, mucosal blistering, mouth rash, lip necrosis, and loss of taste and smell. Periodontal disease (PD), a severe inflammatory gum disease, may worsen the symptoms associated with COVID-19. Routine dental and periodontal treatment may help decrease the symptoms of COVID-19. PD is more prevalent among patients experiencing metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular risk. Studies have shown that these patients are highly susceptible for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress known to contribute to the development of PD and other metabolic diseases are highly elevated among COVID-19 patients. Periodontal health may help to determine the severity of COVID-19 infection. Accumulating evidence shows that African-Americans (AAs) and vulnerable populations are disproportionately susceptible to PD, metabolic diseases and COVID-19 compared to other ethnicities in the United States. Dentistry and dental healthcare professionals are particularly susceptible to this virus due to the transferability via the oral cavity and the use of aerosol creating instruments that are ubiquitous in this field. In this review, we attempt to provide a comprehensive and updated source of information about SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 and the various effects it has had on the dental profession and patients visits to dental clinics. Finally, this review is a valuable resource for the management of oral hygiene and reduction of the severity of infection.

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The Nrf2 Activator (DMF) and Covid-19: Is there a Possible Role?

Cited by 50 publications

References 34 publications

Vascular Manifestations of COVID-19 – Thromboembolism and Microvascular Dysfunction

Vascular Manifestations of COVID-19 – Thromboembolism and Microvascular Dysfunction

Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) in COVID-19 Pandemic Era

SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Oral Health: Therapeutic Opportunities and Challenges

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