The Nose As Bacterial Reservoir: Important Differences Between the Vestibule and Cavity

Glück, Ulrich; Gebbers, Jan‐Olaf

doi:10.1097/00005537-200003000-00019

Cited by 38 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This is in accordance with a recent Finish study that detected picornavirus in 20% of nasopharyngeal samples from children without any past or recent respiratory infection (34). As the nasal mucosa is colonized by bacteria, it is likely that it can also harbor respiratory viruses (35). These rhinovirus infections may perhaps only induce clinical symptoms when the host immune system is temporarily compromised.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Predominance of rhinovirus in the nose of symptomatic and asymptomatic infants

Benten¹,

Koopman²,

Niesters

et al. 2003

Pediatric Allergy Immunology

125

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Respiratory infections in infancy may protect against developing Th2-mediated allergic disease (hygiene hypothesis). To estimate the relative contribution of particular viruses to the development of the immune system and allergic disease, we investigated longitudinally the prevalence of respiratory viral infections in infants. One hundred and twenty-six healthy infants were included in this prospective birth cohort study in their first year of life. Physical examination was performed and nasal brush samples were taken during routine visits every 6 months and during an upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) (sick visits). The prevalence of respiratory viral infections in infants with URTI, infants with rhinitis without general malaise and infants without nasal symptoms was studied. Rhinovirus was the most prevalent pathogen during URTI and rhinitis in 0- to 2-year-old infants ( approximately 40%). During URTI, also respiratory syncytial virus ( approximately 20%) and coronavirus ( approximately 10%) infections were found, which were rarely detected in infants with rhinitis. Surprisingly, in 20% of infants who did not present with nasal symptoms, rhinovirus infections were also detected. During routine visits at 12 months, a higher prevalence of rhinovirus infections was found in infants who attended day-care compared with those who did not. We did not observe a relation between breast-feeding or smoking by one or both parents and the prevalence of rhinovirus infections. The parental history of atopy was not related to the prevalence of rhinovirus infection, indicating that the genetic risk of allergic disease does not seem to increase the chance of rhinovirus infections. In conclusion, rhinovirus infection is the most prevalent respiratory viral infection in infants. It may therefore affect the maturation of the immune system and the development of allergic disease considerably.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Predominance of rhinovirus in the nose of symptomatic and asymptomatic infants

Benten¹,

Koopman²,

Niesters

et al. 2003

Pediatric Allergy Immunology

125

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In other studies, the CNS was the most colonized pathogen. In a study by Gluck and Gebbers [2], CNS was regarded as normal flora, not a pathogenic bacterium, and excluded from the list of nasal flora. Because S. epidermidis is a type of CNS [9,10], CNS were also the most common nasal flora in a prevalence report by Savolainen et al [12] (Table 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasal Carriage of 200 Patients with Nasal Bone Fracture in Korea

Lee

Kim

et al. 2013

Arch Plast Surg

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BackgroundPathogens in the nasal cavity during nasal surgery could lead to a systemic infectious condition, such as bacteremia, nosocomial infection, or toxic shock syndrome. However, there is no research about the prevalence of nasal carriage in patients with nasal bone fracture.MethodsThis was a prospective, double-blind, randomized study about the rate of nasal carriage in 200 patients with nasal bone fracture in Korea. Nasal secretions were taken from both the middle nasal meatus and colonized. All analyses were carried out using SPSS software.ResultsPathogens were identified in 178 of the 200 cases. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were the most cultured bacteria in 127 (66.84%) of the 190 total patients after excluding 10 cases of contaminated samples, and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCNS) were found in 48 (25.26%). Staphylococcus aureus was the second most identified pathogen, found in 36 (18.95%), followed by 7 cases (3.68%) of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The prevalence rate of MRSA in the females was higher than that in the males (RR=4.70; 95% CI, 1.09-20.18), but other demographic factors had no effect on the prevalence rate of MRSA and MRCNS.ConclusionsThe prevalence rate of these pathogens in patients with nasal bone fracture in Korea was similar to other reports. However, few studies have addressed the prevalence rate of CNS and MRCNS in accordance with risk factors or the change in prevalence according to specific prophylaxis against infectious complications. Additional research is needed on the potential connections between clinical factors and microbiological data.

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“…Surgical procedures on the upper aerodigestive tract are classified as clean-contaminated operations and may be associated with postoperative infections; however, the incidence is poorly documented [8]. Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae gram-negative rods, such as Klebsiella species, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter species, and Haemophilus influenza, reside in microbiologic cultures from nasal mucosal smears of healthy subjects [9][10][11]. Theoretically, there is a bacteremia risk for operations performed in regions with bacterial flora.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The comparison of bacteremia and amount of bleeding during septoplasty

Koç

Uysal

et al. 2011

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol

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The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the amount of bleeding and bacteremia during nasal septal surgery. Seventy-one patients undergoing septoplasty were enrolled in the present study. The amount of bleeding was measured and recorded for each patient. Preoperative and postoperative blood cultures were collected immediately after the induction of anesthesia and 20 min after the operation, respectively. While none of the blood cultures taken preoperatively were positive for any organism, the cultures obtained postoperatively were positive in 9 (12.7%) of 71 patients who underwent septoplasty, and bacteremia was more frequent among those with a greater amount of bleeding during the surgery. The results of this study suggest that although bacteremia had no clinical consequences for patients, patients with more bleeding have an increased risk of developing bacteremia which may cause complications in higher risk individuals.

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The Nose As Bacterial Reservoir: Important Differences Between the Vestibule and Cavity

Cited by 38 publications

References 30 publications

Predominance of rhinovirus in the nose of symptomatic and asymptomatic infants

Predominance of rhinovirus in the nose of symptomatic and asymptomatic infants

Nasal Carriage of 200 Patients with Nasal Bone Fracture in Korea

The comparison of bacteremia and amount of bleeding during septoplasty

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