“…To this aim, we analyse public and private (courtesy of Eni Upstream) subsurface data and carry out a 3D reconstruction of the subaerial and submarine landscape of the Po Pain and Adriatic foreland during the MSC desiccation peak, that is, after the MSC stage 1 according to the chronostratigraphy by Roveri, Flecker, et al (2014), , Roveri et al (2016). We take advantage from high-resolution stratigraphic data (e.g., sedimentological, palaeontological, and geochemical data) and detailed geological constraints (e.g., seismic-based and well logs) for the study region also provided by recent works (Ghielmi, Minervini, Nini, Rogledi, & Rossi, 2010, 2013Rossi, 2017;Rossi, Minervini, & Ghielmi, 2018;Rossi, Minervini, Ghielmi, & Rogledi, 2015). We are able to (a) provide the palaeotopography of the PPNA, which improves our understanding of the basin evolution and its relationships with the broader Mediterranean palaeogeography during the MSC, and (b) recognize V-shaped valleys filled with Messinian post-evaporitic and Pliocene deposits in the seismic data along the Southern Alps, which imply a syn-MSC or older age of the presentday southern Alpine river drainage pattern.…”