The Normal EEG of the Human Newborn

Torres, Fernando; Anderson, Charlotte M.

doi:10.1097/00004691-198504000-00001

Cited by 114 publications

(45 citation statements)

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“…Whereas, during AS/REM sleep, REMs, small movements of the limbs or face, irregular respiration and heart rates, and no chin muscle activity were noted. They identified and named four different EEG patterns seen in term infants when sleeping: tracé alternant (TA), high voltage slow (HVS), activité moyenne (mixed, M), and low voltage irregular (LVI) 15,[26][27][28] (Figure 1). They recognized that normal infants had many periods (or epochs) of sleep that were not easily categorized as a particular sleep state because of discordant features between the physiological markers of sleep/wake states (EEG, EOG, chin EMG, respiration, and body movements).…”

Section: H I Sto Ry O F De V Elo Pm Ent O F Neo Natal and I Nfa Nt Pomentioning

confidence: 99%

The Visual Scoring of Sleep in Infants 0 to 2 Months of Age

Grigg-Damberger

2016

Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine

121

139

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In March 2014, the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) Board of Directors requested the Scoring Manual Editorial Board develop rules, terminology, and technical specifications for scoring sleep/wake states in full-term infants from birth to 2 mo of age, cognizant of the 1971 Anders, Emde, and Parmelee Manual for Scoring Sleep in Newborns. On July 1, 2015, the AASM published rules for scoring sleep in infants, ages 0-2 mo. This evidence-based review summarizes the background information provided to the Scoring Manual Editorial Board to write these rules. The Anders Manual only provided criteria for coding physiological and behavioral state characteristics in polysomnograms (PSG) of infants, leaving specific sleep scoring criteria to the individual investigator. Other infant scoring criteria have been published, none widely accepted or used.The AASM Scoring Manual infant scoring criteria incorporate modern concepts, digital PSG recording techniques, practicalities, and compromises. Important tenets are: (1) sleep/wake should be scored in 30-sec epochs as either wakefulness (W), rapid eye movement, REM (R), nonrapid eye movement, NREM (N) and transitional (T) sleep; (2) an electroencephalographic (EEG) montage that permits adequate display of young infant EEG is: F3-M2, F4-M1, C3-M2, C4-M1, O1-M2, O2-M1; additionally, recording C3-Cz, Cz-C4 help detect early and asynchronous sleep spindles; (3) sleep onsets are more often R sleep until 2-3 mo postterm; (4) drowsiness is best characterized by visual observation (supplemented by later video review); (5) wide open eyes is the most crucial determinant of W; (6) regularity (or irregularity) of respiration is the single most useful PSG characteristic for scoring sleep stages at this age; (7)

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Section: H I Sto Ry O F De V Elo Pm Ent O F Neo Natal and I Nfa Nt Pomentioning

confidence: 99%

The Visual Scoring of Sleep in Infants 0 to 2 Months of Age

Grigg-Damberger

2016

Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine

121

139

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“…O esperado seria a ocupação de 50% ou mais do registro em SA e no mínimo de 20% em S Q [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] .…”

Section: Discussão Discussão Discussão Discussão Discussãounclassified

Estudo vídeo-polissonográfico em recém-nascidos de termo pequenos para a idade gestacional

Padula

Rugulo

Padovani

et al. 1999

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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RESUMO -Analisamos o exame video-polissonográfico de 26 recém-nascidos de termo (RNT) com 24 horas de vida. Os RN tinham exame neurológico e ultrassonográfico cerebral normais e apresentaram período perinatal isento de complicações. Foram subdivididos em dois grupos, um controle constituído de 11 RNT com peso adequado para a idade gestacional; e um grupo de 15 RN com peso abaixo do esperado para o termo (RNT-PIG). Do segundo grupo, 13 RN apresentaram algum tipo de alteração ao exame video-polissonográfico. As alterações mais frequentes foram na arquitetura do sono, 11 casos, e no comportamento, em que oito RN apresentaram número excessivo de sobressaltos ("startle") em relação ao grupo controle e dois RN uma atividade motora reduzida. Os resultados deste estudo demonstram a utilidade da video-polissonografia quando aplicada a RNT-PIG. O exame mostrou-se sensível em detectar diferenças no comportamento, arquitetura do sono e padrão eletrencefalográfico dos RNT-PIG quando comparados ao grupo controle. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: polissonografia neonatal, RNT-PIG, EEG neonatal. Video-polygraphic-EEG study in the full-term newborn with low birthweight for their gestational ageABSTRACT -Video-polygraphic-EEG studies were performed in the first 24 life-hours of 26 healthy full-term newborns without perinatal injuries. The neurological examination and cranial ultrasonography were normal. The newborns were divided into two groups: one, with full-term appropriate -birth weight 11 newborns (control group ) and the other with full-term low-birth weight 15 newborns. Thirteen newborns of the second group had video-polygraphic-EEG study abnormalities. The most frequent abnormalities were found in 11 cases, as far as sleep architecture is concerned. Also, when compared with the control group, 8 cases of an excessive amount of startles and 2 cases of low behavior activities were found. The results demonstrate the usefulness of videopolygraphic-EEG study in the full-term newborns with intra-uterine growth retard. This examination was sensitive to detect behavior, sleep architecture and EEG standard differences in the low birth-weight newborns as to the control group.

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“…These assumptions, however, do not consider possible influences of cortical and subcortical neuronal dynamics that might be affected by age. 5 The aim of this study was to characterize the influence of age and other covariates on the dynamic relationship between sevoflurane C ET and its effect measured with BIS [Aspect A-2000 BIS ® monitor (version XP)].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Age on the Dynamic Relationship Between End-Tidal Sevoflurane Concentrations and Bispectral Index

Cortínez¹,

Trocóniz²,

Fuentes³

et al. 2008

Anesthesia &Amp; Analgesia

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BACKGROUND:Age is an important determinant of the pharmacokinetic profile of inhaled anesthetics. The influence of age on the dynamic profile of sevoflurane's effect has not been well described. We performed this study to characterize the influence of age and other covariates on the dynamic relationship between sevoflurane end-tidal concentration (C ET ) and its effect measured by bispectral index (BIS). METHODS: Fifty patients, aged 3-71 yr, scheduled for minor surgery were prospectively studied. The BIS and sevoflurane C ET were continuously measured during the study period. During maintenance of anesthesia and after stable BIS values of 60 -65 were obtained, the inspired concentration of sevoflurane was increased to 5 vol % for 5 min or until BIS Ͻ40 and then decreased. The dynamic relationship between sevoflurane C ET and its effect as measured by BIS during this transition period were modeled with an inhibitory E max model using a population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic approach with NONMEM V. A predictive check method was used to validate the final model. RESULTS: The sensitivity to sevoflurane's effect as measured by BIS expressed in the C 50 [steady-state C ET eliciting half of maximum response (I max )] increased with age. The speed of change of sevoflurane's effect, expressed as the effect-site equilibration half-life (t 1/2 k e0 ), increased at older ages. The predictive check analysis confirmed the adequacy of the model. CONCLUSIONS: Age significantly affects the dynamic relationship between sevoflurane C ET and its effect measured with BIS.

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The Normal EEG of the Human Newborn

Cited by 114 publications

References 0 publications

The Visual Scoring of Sleep in Infants 0 to 2 Months of Age

The Visual Scoring of Sleep in Infants 0 to 2 Months of Age

Estudo vídeo-polissonográfico em recém-nascidos de termo pequenos para a idade gestacional

The Influence of Age on the Dynamic Relationship Between End-Tidal Sevoflurane Concentrations and Bispectral Index

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