The Normal Cultivable Microflora in Upper Jejunal Fluid in Healthy Adults

Justesen, T.; Nielsen, Ole Haagen; Jacobsen, I. E.; Lave, Judith R.; Rasmussen, Sten Nørby

doi:10.1080/00365521.1984.12005721

Cited by 52 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The present analysis was performed at a more detailed level than in previous studies in human subjects that described the features of the microbiota in the different parts of the upper gut (2,9,16,20). In addition to the effects brought by differences in distribution of dominant species, the metabolic activities and microbial effects of the highly adaptive microbiota can vary in different niches of the body.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, it is often difficult to characterize the bacterial diversity in fecal samples because of the poor or too high selectivity of selective agar media (13,24), and the overgrowth of dominant flora can make it hard to identify predominant species, other than fecal ones. In contrast to the luminal microbiota of the colon, small-intestinal fluid seems to harbor a different microbial population, i.e., the ratios of aerobes and anaerobes, gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, and total bacterial counts vary between these anatomical sites (7,9,16). There are also time-related and local variations in the composition and distribution of the microbiota in the upper gut (16,20,28).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to the luminal microbiota of the colon, small-intestinal fluid seems to harbor a different microbial population, i.e., the ratios of aerobes and anaerobes, gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, and total bacterial counts vary between these anatomical sites (7,9,16). There are also time-related and local variations in the composition and distribution of the microbiota in the upper gut (16,20,28). These characteristics have so far not been fully described, particularly because of the unavailability of suitable samples, obtained without anesthesia from living subjects, and the laborious nature of the analysis.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Comparison between Cultured Small-Intestinal and Fecal Microbiotas in Beagle Dogs

Mentula

Harmoinen

Heikkilä

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

100

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The microbiota of the small intestine is poorly known because of difficulties in sampling. In this study, we examined whether the organisms cultured from the jejunum and feces resemble each other. Small-intestinal fluid samples were collected from 22 beagle dogs with a permanent jejunal fistula in parallel with fecal samples. In addition, corresponding samples from seven of the dogs were collected during a 4-week period (days 4, 10, 14, and 28) to examine the stability of the microbiota. In the jejunal samples, aerobic/facultative and anaerobic bacteria were equally represented, whereas anaerobes dominated in the fecal samples. Despite lower numbers of bacteria in the jejunum (range, 10 2 to 10 6 CFU/g) than in feces (range, 10 8 to 10 11 CFU/g), some microbial groups were more prevalent in the small intestine: staphylococci, 64% versus 36%; nonfermentative gramnegative rods, 27% versus 9%; and yeasts, 27% versus 5%, respectively. In contrast, part of the fecal dominant microbiota (bile-resistant Bacteroides spp., Clostridium hiranonis-like organisms, and lactobacilli) was practically absent in the jejunum. Many species were seldom isolated simultaneously from both sample types, regardless of their overall prevalence. In conclusion, the small intestine contains a few bacterial species at a time with vastly fluctuating counts, opposite to the results obtained for the colon, where the major bacterial groups remain relatively constant over time. Qualitative and quantitative differences between the corresponding jejunal and fecal samples indicate the inability of fecal samples to represent the microbiotas present in the upper gut.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Comparison between Cultured Small-Intestinal and Fecal Microbiotas in Beagle Dogs

Mentula

Harmoinen

Heikkilä

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

100

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“…Our data was analysed after consultation with a bio-statistician from the Sheffi eld University Statistics Unit. 2 analysis was used to compare categorical data, and binary logistic regression to identify features predictive of a positive GBT.…”

Section: Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small Bowel Bacterial Overgrowth in Symptomatic Older People: Can It Be Diagnosed Earlier?

et al. 2005

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Background/Objectives: In older people, small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome may be a common, but under-diagnosed, cause of diarrhoea and nutrient malabsorption. We aim to determine which clinical features and baseline laboratory investigations indicate a high likelihood of small bowel bacterial overgrowth as defined by a positive glucose breath test. Methods: A retrospective analysis of records for all patients referred for glucose breath test over a 6-year period to a teaching hospital. Results: Out of 197 referrals, 168 patient records were located and analysed (62 male, 106 female; median age 65). Patient characteristics predictive of a positive glucose breath test were: increasing age (p < 0.01), low serum vitamin B₁₂(p = 0.02), low serum albumin (p = 0.03), previous partial gastrectomy (p < 0.01), previous right hemi-colectomy (p < 0.01), presence of small bowel diverticulae (p = 0.01) and concurrent use of a proton pump inhibitor (p < 0.01). 52.5% (n = 21/40) of patients studied who were over 75 years old versus 21.8% (n = 28/128) of those under 75 years old had a positive glucose breath test (p < 0.01). The median time to diagnosis, from first hospital visit to positive glucose breath test, was 39 weeks. Conclusions: There is often a significant delay in diagnosis of small bowel bacterial overgrowth. We suggest that this diagnosis should be considered earlier in the investigative algorithm in older patients with indicative symptoms and a predisposing factor (including previous partial gastrectomy, previous right hemi-colectomy, small bowel diverticulae or use of a proton pump inhibitor) or concurring laboratory indices (low vitamin B₁₂ or albumin).

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“…12 The microbiome of the human small intestine has not been as thoroughly investigated, although Streptococcus is known to be the predominant genus in the duodenum and jejunum. 13 In the distal gut, the microbiome is enriched for fermentation of dietary fiber and processing of glycans to short-chain fatty acids. 14 The composition of the microbiome is influenced by several factors including age, gender, ethnicity, diet, hygiene, behavior, genetics, and co-morbid medical conditions.…”

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confidence: 99%

A clinical primer of the role of gut microbiome in health and disease

Yang¹

2015

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The Normal Cultivable Microflora in Upper Jejunal Fluid in Healthy Adults

Cited by 52 publications

References 9 publications

Comparison between Cultured Small-Intestinal and Fecal Microbiotas in Beagle Dogs

Comparison between Cultured Small-Intestinal and Fecal Microbiotas in Beagle Dogs

Small Bowel Bacterial Overgrowth in Symptomatic Older People: Can It Be Diagnosed Earlier?

A clinical primer of the role of gut microbiome in health and disease

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