A clinical primer of the role of gut microbiome in health and disease

Yang, Allison L.

doi:10.7869/tg.238

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phyla compose the majority of the gut microbiota, with Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia being present in fewer numbers. However, gut microbiota composition differs among individuals as diet, age, gender, environment, and genetics all influence bacterial strains/populations (21–23). The activity and composition of this microbial population is involved in a surprising number of biological processes, including homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS) (24–26).…”

Section: Microbiota-gut-brain Axis (Mgba)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota as a Therapeutic Target to Ameliorate the Biochemical, Neuroanatomical, and Behavioral Effects of Traumatic Brain Injuries

2019

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Current efficacious treatments for traumatic brain injury (TBI) are lacking. Establishment of a protective gut microbiota population offers a compelling therapeutic avenue, as brain injury induces disruptions in the composition of the gut microbiota, i.e., gut dysbiosis, which has been shown to contribute to TBI-related neuropathology and impaired behavioral outcomes. The gut microbiome is involved in the modulation of a multitude of cellular and molecular processes fundamental to the progression of TBI-induced pathologies including neuroinflammation, blood brain barrier permeability, immune system response, microglial activation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as intestinal motility and permeability. Additionally, gut dysbiosis further aggravates behavioral impairments in animal models of TBI and spinal cord injury, as well as negatively affects health outcomes in murine stroke models. Recent studies indicate that microbiota transplants and probiotics ameliorate neuroanatomical damage and functional impairments in animal models of stroke and spinal cord injury. In addition, probiotics have been shown to reduce the rate of infection and time spent in intensive care of hospitalized patients suffering from brain trauma. Perturbations in the composition of the gut microbiota and its metabolite profile may also serve as potential diagnostic and theragnostic biomarkers for injury severity and progression. This review aims to address the etiological role of the gut microbiome in the biochemical, neuroanatomical, and behavioral/cognitive consequences of TBI, as well as explore the potential of gut microbiome manipulation in the form of probiotics as an effective therapeutic to ameliorate TBI-induced pathology and symptoms.

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Section: Microbiota-gut-brain Axis (Mgba)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota as a Therapeutic Target to Ameliorate the Biochemical, Neuroanatomical, and Behavioral Effects of Traumatic Brain Injuries

2019

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“…The bacterial phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes primarily define the microbiome, with Proteobacteria , Actinobacteria , Fusobacteria , and Verrucomicrobia in lesser prevalence [ 16 ]. The composition of the microbiome varies from person to person, with contributing factors including age, diet, behavior, environment, and genetics [ 17 ].…”

Section: Gut Microbiome and Its Role In Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Traumatic Brain Injury and the Gut Microbiome: Insights into Novel Mechanisms of Secondary Brain Injury and Promising Targets for Neuroprotection

et al. 2018

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The gut microbiome and its role in health and disease have recently been major focus areas of research. In this review, we summarize the different ways in which the gut microbiome interacts with the rest of the body, with focus areas on its relationships with immunity, the brain, and injury. The gut–brain axis, a communication network linking together the central and enteric nervous systems, represents a key bidirectional pathway with feed-forward and feedback mechanisms. The gut microbiota has a central role in this pathway and is significantly altered following injury, leading to a pro-inflammatory state within the central nervous system (CNS). Herein, we examine traumatic brain injury (TBI) in relation to this axis and explore potential interventions, which may serve as targets for improving clinical outcomes and preventing secondary brain injury.

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“…The gut microbiota is part of a complex network responsible for maintaining normal physiological function. Studies indicate that the gut microbiota responds to changes in the host and can produce vitamins and active substances to combat pathogens by taking energy from food [ 5 ]. Coexistence between the host and the gut microbiota helps to shape the mucosal and systemic immune systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota drives the attenuation of dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis by Huangqin decoction

et al. 2017

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The gut microbiota, including probiotics and pathogenic microorganisms, is involved in ulcerative colitis (UC) by regulating pathogenic microorganisms and the production of intestinal mucosal antibodies. Huangqin decoction (HQD), a traditional Chinese formula chronicled in the Shanghan lun, has been recognized as an effective drug for UC, owing to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. In the present study, we investigated whether HQD ameliorates dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis through alteration of the gut microbiota. We found that HQD significantly inhibited colitis, alleviating the loss of body weight, disease activity index, colon shortening, tissue injury, and inflammatory cytokine changes induced by DSS treatment. Principal component analysis and principal co-ordinate analysis showed an obvious difference among the groups, with increased diversity in the DSS and DSS+HQD groups. Linear discriminant analysis effect size was used to determine differences between the groups. The relative abundance of Lactococcus was higher in the DSS+HQD group than in the DSS group, whereas Desulfovibrio and Helicobacter were decreased. Furthermore, the protective effect of HQD was attenuated only in antibiotic-treated mice. In conclusion, our results suggest that HQD could ameliorate DSS-induced inflammation through alteration of the gut microbiota.

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A clinical primer of the role of gut microbiome in health and disease

Cited by 11 publications

References 129 publications

Gut Microbiota as a Therapeutic Target to Ameliorate the Biochemical, Neuroanatomical, and Behavioral Effects of Traumatic Brain Injuries

Gut Microbiota as a Therapeutic Target to Ameliorate the Biochemical, Neuroanatomical, and Behavioral Effects of Traumatic Brain Injuries

A Review of Traumatic Brain Injury and the Gut Microbiome: Insights into Novel Mechanisms of Secondary Brain Injury and Promising Targets for Neuroprotection

Gut microbiota drives the attenuation of dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis by Huangqin decoction

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