The norm of restaurant tipping

Conlin, Michael; Lynn, Michael; O’Donoghue, Ted

doi:10.1016/s0167-2681(03)00030-1

Cited by 202 publications

(231 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, frequent patrons tend to tip a higher percentage compared to infrequent patrons. Conlin et al (2003) also found a significant, positive correlation between tip size and patronage frequency.…”

Section: Patronage Frequencymentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Lynn and Grassman (1990) found no correlation between group size and tipping. However, Conlin et al (2003) found that tip percentage is positively correlated with group size.…”

Section: Dining Party Sizementioning

confidence: 92%

“…However, the effect was relatively small as it can account for less than 2 percent to almost 5 percent of the tipping variability. Conlin et al (2003) used a 5-point scale to measure service quality. They found that each extra point on their scale added 1.49 percentage points to the tipping amount.…”

Section: Service Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conlin et al (2003) found that bill size negatively affects tip percentage. Green et al (2003) had similar findings.…”

Section: Bill Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors Affecting Restaurant Consumers' Tipping Behavior

Cho¹

2014

Journal of the Korean society for quality management

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This study examines the relationship between tip amount and its possible antecedents: bill size, the Big Five personality types, meal type, food quality, atmosphere, service quality, consumer gender, server gender, customer hospitality experience, race, and alcohol consumption. A survey of southeastern undergraduate students was conducted to collect information about the customer, server and customer tipping habits. While the analysis suggests that service is an important factor, it shows that other factors affect tip amount. Furthermore, these factors affect tip amounts in many different ways. Some examples of these factors include bill size, alcohol consumption, gender dynamics, meal type, food quality, and personality type. The conclusion suggests the intuition behind these factors by providing a dissection of their meaning and their importance to servers, customers, and managers alike.Purpose: This study tests restaurant customer tipping habits and some personality traits that have received limited previous attention as predictors of tipping.Methods: This study is that the tip amount was self-reported, business students at a university in a large southeastern city of USA were asked to complete a tipping journal.Results: This study was able to replicate the service-tipping relationship. Moreover, this study reiterated that server friendliness is a very powerful tool to increasing tips. Conclusion:This study strongly indicate that service has a positive relationship with tip amount, and also produce a positive relationship with emotional stability and a negative relationship to conscientiousness.

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Section: Patronage Frequencymentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Lynn and Grassman (1990) found no correlation between group size and tipping. However, Conlin et al (2003) found that tip percentage is positively correlated with group size.…”

Section: Dining Party Sizementioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Service Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conlin et al (2003) found that bill size negatively affects tip percentage. Green et al (2003) had similar findings.…”

Section: Bill Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors Affecting Restaurant Consumers' Tipping Behavior

Cho¹

2014

Journal of the Korean society for quality management

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“…3 Frohlich et al (2004) and Conlin et al (2003) explore how contextual features of an environment influence norm-compliant behavior. However, they do not discuss this influence in the same way as when psychologists refer to focusing (or priming), and as we do here.…”

Section: Related Work On Norms and Focusingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The focusing and informational effects of norms on pro-social behavior

Krupka¹,

Weber²

2006

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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This paper reports an experiment examining the effect of social norms on pro-social behavior. We test two predictions derived from work in psychology regarding the influence of norms. The first is a "focusing" influence, whereby norms only impact behavior when an individual's attention is drawn to them; and the second is an "informational" influence, whereby a norm exerts a stronger impact on an individual's behavior the more others he observes behaving consistently with that norm. We find support for both effects. Either thinking about or observing the behavior of others produces increased pro-social behavior -even when one expects or observes little pro-social behavior on the part of others -and the degree of pro-social behavior is increasing in the actual and expected pro-social behavior of others. This experiment eliminates strategic influences and thus demonstrates a direct effect of norms on behavior. Keywords: Social norms Altruism a b s t r a c tThis paper reports an experiment examining the effect of social norms on pro-social behavior. We test two predictions derived from work in psychology regarding the influence of norms. The first is a ''focusing" influence, whereby norms only impact behavior when an individual's attention is drawn to them; and the second is an ''informational" influence, whereby a norm exerts a stronger impact on an individual's behavior the more others he observes behaving consistently with that norm. We find support for both effects. Either thinking about or observing the behavior of others produces increased pro-social behavior -even when one expects or observes little pro-social behavior on the part of others -and the degree of pro-social behavior is increasing in the actual and expected pro-social behavior of others. This experiment eliminates strategic influences and thus demonstrates a direct effect of norms on behavior.

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The effect of receipt personalization on tipping behavior

Kinard

2013

J of Consumer Behaviour

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Research has shown that personalizing receipts, such as drawing "smiley faces" and writing "thank you" notes on customer bills to express gratitude, can result in larger tips for restaurant wait staff. Although the practice of receipt personalization has been supported using field experiments, limited research has examined the effectiveness of this technique based on the level of service quality provided by restaurant wait staff. Using a scenario-based approach, we found from this study that adding a personalized message significantly lowers tip percentages. Moreover, the negative effect is magnified when service quality fails to exceed customer expectations. Implications related to the findings are discussed.

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The norm of restaurant tipping

Cited by 202 publications

References 36 publications

Factors Affecting Restaurant Consumers' Tipping Behavior

Factors Affecting Restaurant Consumers' Tipping Behavior

The focusing and informational effects of norms on pro-social behavior

The effect of receipt personalization on tipping behavior

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