The nondigestible fat sucrose polyester does not stimulate gallbladder emptying in humans

Maas, M.I.M.; Hopman, W. P. M.; Katan, Martijn B.; Jansen, J. B. M. J.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/68.6.1272

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Another explanation for the increased excretion with olestra is that olestra in the intestinal lumen increased transport of hexachlorobenzene into the lumen. Because olestra probably does not stimulate bile flow (13,16), this process would require direct secretion from the enterocyte in a nonbiliary excretion (11,24). It is indeed possible that the sequestration of hexachlorobenzene in the intestinal lumen increased the concentration gradient from the enterocyte to the lumen and thereby enhanced transport.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of yo-yo diet, caloric restriction, and olestra on tissue distribution of hexachlorobenzene

Jandacek

Anderson

Liu

et al. 2005

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

124

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Chlorinated hydrocarbons are lipophilic, toxic, and persistent in the environment and animal tissues. They enter the body in food and are stored in adipose tissue. Loss of body fat through caloric restriction mobilizes stored lipophilic xenobiotics and results in distribution to other tissues. We have studied the reversibility of this process in mice that followed a regimen of body weight cycling. Weight gain was followed by weight loss, a second gain, and a second loss ("yo-yo diet regimen"). We measured the distribution of orally gavaged [14C]hexachlorobenzene, which is sparingly metabolized. We found that weight cycling has different effects in different organs. Continued weight loss resulted in a threefold increase of 14C amount and concentration in the brain. After weight regain, 14C in the brain decreased but then increased again after a second weight loss. Weight loss resulted in an increase in the concentration of 14C in adipose tissue without changing the total amount in that tissue. Weight loss and regain resulted in an increase of 14C in the liver, which reflected an increase of fat in the liver. The regimen of weight gain and loss was repeated in mice gavaged with [14C]hexachlorobenzene, with one group receiving the nonabsorbable fat olestra in the diet. Combined dietary olestra and caloric restriction caused a 30-fold increase in the rate of excretion of 14C relative to an ad libitum diet or a reduced caloric diet alone. Distribution of 14C into the brain resulting from the restricted diet was reduced by 50% by dietary olestra.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of yo-yo diet, caloric restriction, and olestra on tissue distribution of hexachlorobenzene

Jandacek

Anderson

Liu

et al. 2005

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

124

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“…Several studies have shown that various diseases and habits affect the gallbladder via different mechanisms, predisposing it to stones. For example, gallbladder may be predisposed to stones in cholecystokinin deficiency in patients receiving long term parenteral nutrition treatment [ 1 ], as well as autonomic nervous system dysfunctions in such connective tissue diseases as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus [ 4 ] and reduced post-prandial gallbladder volume in case of low physical activity and chronic smoking [ 21 , 22 ]. Irrespective of the primary cause, the main problem in all these examples is the biliary stasis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gallbladder contraction induced by cholecystokinin secretion is followed by the emptying of the stored bile. Impairment or failure of this mechanism causes gallbladder hypomotility [ 1 , 2 ]. In addition to many risk factors which primarily cause increased cholesterol saturation in bile such as genetic factors, obesity, sudden weight loss, hyperlipidemia and high calorie diet, gallbladder hypomotility, followed by delayed gallbladder emptying and biliary stasis, plays a significant role in gallstone formation [ 3 – 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does gallbladder angle affect gallstone formation?

Şanal¹,

Korkmaz²,

Zeren³

et al. 2016

Pan Afr Med J

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IntroductionMorphology of gallbladder varies considerably from person to person. We believe that one of the morphological variations of gallbladder is the “gallbladder angle”. Gallbladder varies also in “angle”, which, to the best of our knowledge, has never been investigated before. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of gallbladder angle on gallstone formation.Methodsin this study, 1075 abdominal computed tomography (CT) images were retrospectively examined. Patients with completely normal gallbladders were selected. Among these patients, those with both abdominal ultrasound and blood tests were identified in the hospital records and included in the study. Based on the findings of the ultrasound scans, patients were divided into two groups as patients with gallstones and patients without gallstones. Following the measurement of gallbladder angles on the CT images, the groups were statistically evaluated.ResultsThe gallbladder angle was smaller in patients with gallstones (49 ± 21 degrees and 53 ± 19 degrees) and the gallbladder with larger angle was 1.015 (1/0.985) times lower the risk of gallstone formation. However, these were not statistically significant (p>0,05).ConclusionA more vertically positioned gallbladder does not affect gallstone formation. However, a smaller gallbladder angle may facilitate gallstone formation in patients with the risk factors. Gallstones perhaps more easily and earlier develop in gallbladders with a smaller angle.

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Review of the effects of dilution of dietary energy with olestra on energy intake

Jandacek

2012

Physiology & Behavior

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The nondigestible fat sucrose polyester does not stimulate gallbladder emptying in humans

Abstract: Ingestion of sucrose polyester, in contrast with digestible fat, did not stimulate gallbladder emptying or release of cholecystokinin.

Cited by 5 publications

References 37 publications

Effects of yo-yo diet, caloric restriction, and olestra on tissue distribution of hexachlorobenzene

Effects of yo-yo diet, caloric restriction, and olestra on tissue distribution of hexachlorobenzene

Does gallbladder angle affect gallstone formation?

Review of the effects of dilution of dietary energy with olestra on energy intake

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