The non-destructive analysis of ancient jade artifacts unearthed from the Liangzhu sites at Yuhang, Zhejiang

Gan, Fuxi; Cao, Jingyan; Huansheng, Cheng; Gu, Dongyu; Rui, GuoYao; Fang, Xiangming; Dong, Ji; Zhao, Hongxia

doi:10.1007/s11431-010-4167-1

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Nephrites from the Xiaomeiling and Wenchuan deposits in China can be distinguished among carbonate‐hosted deposits by the higher Sr content and Mn/Fe value. Based on Sr content, 25 nephrite artifacts of carbonate‐hosted rock origin unearthed at Neolithic Liangzhu culture sites do not correlate with the local Xiaomeiling deposit (Gan et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…During retrograde metamorphism, their abundance decreases, and thus they are not considered as important for the provenance determination of nephrite (Zamaletdinov & Suturin, 1974;Suturin & Zamaletdinov, 1984). In addition, the abundance of these elements is lowest in the carbonate-hosted nephrite (Table VB), which is in agreement with the studies of Gan et al (2010) and Liu et al (2011a).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…In addition, the abundance of these elements is lowest in the carbonate‐hosted nephrite (Table ), which is in agreement with the studies of Gan et al. () and Liu et al. ().…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Micro‐PIXE Geochemical Fingerprinting of Nephrite Neolithic Artifacts from Southwest Bulgaria

et al. 2012

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Neolithic artifacts made of nephrite, □Ca2(Fe,Mg)5Si8O22(OH)2, are found at prehistoric settlements in Bulgaria. This study investigates these objects based on particle induced X‐ray emission using a scanning nuclear microprobe (micro‐PIXE technique). Seven nephrite artifacts from the Neolithic sites of Kovachevo, Bulgarchevo and Galabnik in southwest Bulgaria were analyzed to quantify their composition and to establish if a correlation exists between the distribution of major and trace elements, color, impurities, and texture. The nephrite artifacts are tremolite in composition, with a proposed ultrabasic origin. Based on the geochemical data obtained by micro‐PIXE, we divide the artifacts into Group 1 objects from the Kovachevo site and Group 2 objects from the Galabnik and Bulgarchevo sites. The analytical data and microprobe analyses are compared with geochemical data of nephrite from across the globe. The results are in a good agreement with previous electron microprobe and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy data. Our study provides a better understanding of the mineralogy and geochemistry of nephrite artifacts and helps to address questions regarding origin and the distribution of such materials in Bulgaria and other Balkan countries.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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Micro‐PIXE Geochemical Fingerprinting of Nephrite Neolithic Artifacts from Southwest Bulgaria

et al. 2012

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“…In past studies, Xiaomeiling nephrite minerals were sometimes considered as an important reference for the provenance of raw materials of ancient nephrite artifacts excavated from Liangzhu culture (3300–2300 bc ), because they are all located in the Lake Tai region (including northern Zhejiang province, western Shanghai, and southern Jiangsu province, China) . But the Sr contents of ancient nephrite artifacts excavated from ruins of Liangzhu culture, which have been studied by PIXE, are in the range of <1–30 µg/g and obviously lower than Xiaomeiling nephrite minerals. Therefore, the differentiation of Sr content is clear evidence that the raw materials of nephrite artifacts from Liangzhu culture are not from Xiaomeiling deposit.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of trace elements analysis of nephrite samples from different deposits by PIXE and ICP‐AES

Zhang

Huansheng

et al. 2012

X-Ray Spectrometry

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Comparing values of trace elements determined by external‐beam proton‐induced X‐ray emission (PIXE) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP‐AES) is important to find the provenience of raw materials of ancient nephrite artifacts, because most previous elemental characterizations of nephrite minerals were obtained by ICP‐AES, but PIXE presents the possibility of nondestructive analysis for largely and integrally ancient nephrite artifacts. In this work based on 12 nephrite minerals, it shows that the distribution of trace elements of nephrite samples both in PIXE and ICP‐AES data are generally consistent, although large differences exist in some elements. According to the trace elements, the two types of nephrite mineralization origins can be distinguished, determined by PIXE and ICP‐AES, respectively. Moreover, depending on the PIXE and ICP‐AES data, Sr can be regarded as fingerprint element of Xiaomeiling nephrite minerals, and the differentiation of Sr content between Xiaomeiling nephrite minerals and ancient nephrite artifacts from Liangzhu culture (3300–2300 bc) is clear evidence that the raw materials of the artifacts are not from Xiaomeiling deposit. The nephrite minerals from Wenchuan deposit can be distinguished from other samples because of their high values of Mn/Fe. Therefore, the PIXE can be used with ICP‐AES to judge mineralization mechanism and find fingerprint elements of raw materials of ancient nephrite artifacts. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…77 Liu Z. et al (2011a: Tables 2, 3, 4); see also Shi M. et al (2015). 78 Gan et al (2010). 79 Iizuka (2012).…”

Section: Oxidementioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Chinese jade in a world context

Barnes¹

2018

JBA

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For millennia, jade has been valued in many cultures in Chinese archaeology. The favoured types and sources of jade have changed over time, as has our knowledge of the stones themselves. One of the greatest problems in dealing with archaeological jades is the correct identification of the stones in order to trace their source and thereby understand the social relations underlying their patterns of procurement, pro duction, and consumption. This paper examines the problems of identification and sourcing of Chinese archaeological jades from a worldwide point of view, dissecting terminological problems arising from mineralogy and rock geochemistry, and expli citly identifying the geological constraints on the formation of nephrite and jadeite. In particular, the role of plate tectonics in determining the occurrence of jade provides an overarching perspective on where in China jade sources might occur and how nephrite might be mined and distributed, together with its associated rocks and minerals. The latter associations are equally important to this jade sourcing endeavour.

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The non-destructive analysis of ancient jade artifacts unearthed from the Liangzhu sites at Yuhang, Zhejiang

Cited by 18 publications

References 1 publication

Micro‐PIXE Geochemical Fingerprinting of Nephrite Neolithic Artifacts from Southwest Bulgaria

Micro‐PIXE Geochemical Fingerprinting of Nephrite Neolithic Artifacts from Southwest Bulgaria

Comparison of trace elements analysis of nephrite samples from different deposits by PIXE and ICP‐AES

Understanding Chinese jade in a world context

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