Comparison of trace elements analysis of nephrite samples from different deposits by PIXE and ICP‐AES

Abstract

Comparing values of trace elements determined by external‐beam proton‐induced X‐ray emission (PIXE) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP‐AES) is important to find the provenience of raw materials of ancient nephrite artifacts, because most previous elemental characterizations of nephrite minerals were obtained by ICP‐AES, but PIXE presents the possibility of nondestructive analysis for largely and integrally ancient nephrite artifacts. In this work based on 12 nephrite minerals, it shows that the distribution of trace elements of nephrite samples both in PIXE and ICP‐AES data are generally consistent, although large differences exist in some elements. According to the trace elements, the two types of nephrite mineralization origins can be distinguished, determined by PIXE and ICP‐AES, respectively. Moreover, depending on the PIXE and ICP‐AES data, Sr can be regarded as fingerprint element of Xiaomeiling nephrite minerals, and the differentiation of Sr content between Xiaomeiling nephrite minerals and ancient nephrite artifacts from Liangzhu culture (3300–2300 bc) is clear evidence that the raw materials of the artifacts are not from Xiaomeiling deposit. The nephrite minerals from Wenchuan deposit can be distinguished from other samples because of their high values of Mn/Fe. Therefore, the PIXE can be used with ICP‐AES to judge mineralization mechanism and find fingerprint elements of raw materials of ancient nephrite artifacts. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Nondestructive analysis of jade artifacts from the Cemetery of the Ying State in Henan Province, China using confocal Raman microspectroscopy and portable X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy

“…These artifacts also had low Fe content (0.27–1.62%) and high R* (Mg 2+ /(Mg 2+ +Fe 2+ )) values (0.963–0.995), so they were classed as D‐type nephrite minerals that would have formed through contact between metasomatic intermediate–acidic intrusive rocks (e.g. granodiorite) and dolomitic marble . Artifact HNWKV‐14 had a Cr content of 183 mg/kg and a Ni content of 17 mg/kg; this should also therefore be classed as a D‐type nephrite even though it had a high Fe content (4.29%) and an R* (0.894) around the critical value (0.9).…”

Understanding Chinese jade in a world context

“…84 Chen T. et al (2004). 85 Zhang Z. W. et al (2010Zhang Z. W. et al ( , 2011Zhang Z. W. et al ( , 2012. 86 Wen & Jing (1992), Zhang Z. W. et al (2011).…”

Comparative analysis of LDA, PLS-DA, SVM, RF, and voting ensemble for discrimination origin in greenish-white to white nephrites using LIBS

“…Researchers have achieved informative results by utilizing trace elements and hydrogen-oxygen isotopes to identify geographical origins. [16][17][18] Nevertheless, this oen necessitates complex sample pretreatment, potentially damaging the samples. Nonetheless, distinguishing the origins of nephrite jade remains challenging, especially regarding rapid discrimination.…”

“…Researchers have achieved informative results by utilizing trace elements and hydrogen-oxygen isotopes to identify geographical origins. [16][17][18] Nevertheless, this oen necessitates complex sample pretreatment, potentially damaging the samples.…”