The next generation of photo-detector for particle astrophysics.

Wagner, R. G.; Sanchez, M. C.; Vaniachine, A.; Siegmund, O.; Otte, N.; Ramberg, E.; Hall, J.; Buckley, J. H.; Fnal,

doi:10.2172/956926

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…A number of new gamma-ray scintillation materials look promising and have been proposed for space missions [1] [2] [3] [4], while silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) readout technologies are also quickly replacing traditional photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) in instrument concepts [5] [6] [7]. The goal of the Strontium Iodide Radiation Instrument (SIRI) mission is to study the performance of new SiPM technology and a new scintillation material, europium-doped strontium iodide (SrI 2 :Eu), for space-based gamma-ray spectrometry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strontium Iodide Radiation Instrument (SIRI) – Early On-Orbit Results

Mitchell

Phlips

Grove

et al. 2019

2019 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)

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The Strontium Iodide Radiation Instrument (SIRI) is a single detector, gamma-ray spectrometer designed to space-qualify the new scintillation detector material europiumdoped strontium iodide (SrI 2 :Eu) and new silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) technology. SIRI covers the energy range from .04 -8 MeV and was launched into 600 km sunsynchronous orbit on Dec 3, 2018 onboard STPSat-5 with a one-year mission to investigate the detector's response to onorbit background radiation. The detector has an active volume of 11.6 cm 3 and a photo fraction efficiency of 50% at 662 keV for gamma-rays parallel to the long axis of the crystal. Its spectroscopic resolution of 4.3% was measured by the fullwidth-half-maximum of the characteristic Cs-137 gamma-ray line at 662 keV. Measured background rates external to the trapped particle regions are 40-50 counts per second for energies greater than 40 keV and are largely the result of short-and long-term activation products generated by transits of the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) and the continual cosmic-ray bombardment. Rate maps determined from energy cuts of the collected spectral data show the expected contributions from the various trapped particle regions. Early spectra acquired by the instrument show the presence of at least 10 characteristic gamma-ray lines and a beta continuum generated by activation products within the detector and surrounding materials. As of April 2019, the instrument has acquired over 1000 hours of data and is expected to continue operations until the space vehicle is decommissioned in Dec. 2019. Results indicate SrI 2 :Eu provides a feasible alternative to traditional sodium iodide and cesium iodide scintillators, especially for missions where a factor-of-two improvement in energy resolution would represent a significant difference in scientific return. To the best of our knowledge, SIRI is the first on-orbit use of SrI 2 :Eu scintillator with SiPM readouts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strontium Iodide Radiation Instrument (SIRI) – Early On-Orbit Results

Mitchell

Phlips

Grove

et al. 2019

2019 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)

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“…With the invention of Geigermode Avalanche Photodiodes, many of those drawbacks could be overcome by robust semiconductor devices, keeping the high intrinsic amplification and promising even higher PDEs than that of PMTs (for an overview, see [2]). This, together with the advantages that G-APDs are operated at voltages of about 70 V, which is much lower than for PMTs, and that they are neither damaged by bright illumination during operation nor sensitive to magnetic fields makes them promising candidates for replacing PMTs in the next generation of Astroparticle Physics instrumentations, and especially in IACTs [3,4]. For this purpose, several intrinsic properties of a given G-APD type, like the afterpulse behavior [5], the angular acceptance and the light amount reconstruction [6] have been studied especially focusing on their possible application in IACTs.…”

Section: Geiger-mode Avalanche Photodiodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

FACT—The first Cherenkov telescope using a G-APD camera for TeV gamma-ray astronomy

Anderhub

Backes

Biland

et al. 2011

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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Abstract. Geiger-mode Avalanche Photodiodes (G-APD) bear the potential to significantly improve the sensitivity of Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescopes (IACT). We are currently building the First G-APD Cherenkov Telescope (FACT) by refurbishing an old IACT with a mirror area of 9.5 square meters and construct a new, fine pixelized camera using novel G-APDs. The main goal is to evaluate the performance of a complete system by observing very high energy gamma-rays from the Crab Nebula. This is an important field test to check the feasibility of G-APD-based cameras to replace at some time the PMT-based cameras of planned future IACTs like AGIS and CTA. In this article, we present the basic design of such a camera as well as some important details to be taken into account.

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“…Photomultiplier tubes have been and continue to be the main photon detection technology for these experiments because they can be manufactured in large sizes hence higher light yields. The drawbacks of these devices is their higher voltage of operation and a limited number of vendors producing them [3]. Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are the solid-state equivalents to phototubes which operate at lower voltage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Water Cerenkov Detector Prototype with Wavelength Shifters and Silicon Photomultiplier Readout.

Kryemadhi¹,

Weindorf²,

Kendall³

et al. 2019

Proceedings of 36th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2019)

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Indirect high energy cosmic and gamma ray experiments require cost effective detectors and a large coverage area. Water Cherenkov detectors with large photomultiplier tubes have been commonly used for these experiments. While the photomultiplier tubes have good dynamic range and could be manufactured to larger sizes, their main drawbacks are high voltage to operate and sensitivity to magnetic fields. Silicon photomultipliers are the solid state counterparts which are insensitive to magnetic fields and operate at lower voltage, but have smaller area. At a time when solid state silicon photomultiplier vendors are growing and photomultiplier tubes declining, it is of paramount importance to develop alternative cost-effective readout schemes for future experiments. We developed a prototype water Cherenkov detector with wavelength shifting fibers and silicon photomultiplier readout. We report on the performance of this prototype for cosmic ray muons. We used Geant4 simulations to extrapolate performance at larger sizes

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The next generation of photo-detector for particle astrophysics.

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

Strontium Iodide Radiation Instrument (SIRI) – Early On-Orbit Results

Strontium Iodide Radiation Instrument (SIRI) – Early On-Orbit Results

FACT—The first Cherenkov telescope using a G-APD camera for TeV gamma-ray astronomy

Development of a Water Cerenkov Detector Prototype with Wavelength Shifters and Silicon Photomultiplier Readout.

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