The new PR of states: How nation branding practices affect the security function of public diplomacy

Rasmussen, Rasmus Kjærgaard; Merkelsen, Henrik

doi:10.1016/j.pubrev.2012.06.007

Cited by 30 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Estos dependen de la planificación y diseño de políticas gubernamentales. Bajo esa dinámica se analiza un rol protagónico de las relaciones públicas enfocadas en la diplomacia (Rasmussen y Merkelsen, 2012). La diplomacia se entiende como una parte fundamental dentro de la gestión de las relaciones estratégicas de relaciones públicas (Dühring, 2015).…”

Section: Las Relaciones Públicas Origen Y Evoluciónunclassified

Public relations professionals as knowmads: a vision from the academy, the professionals and students in Ecuador

2020

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El siguiente estudio introspectivo analiza la ideología knowmad vinculada a los profesionales de las relaciones públicas desde la perspectiva de académicos, profesionales y estudiantes de pregrado en relaciones públicas. Se analizan los aportes, tensiones y desafíos que surgen respecto a la ideología y se comparan características del perfil de los knowmads con el perfil profesional del relacionista. Para la recolección de la información se emplearon técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas: entrevistas dirigidas a académicos ecuatorianos —expertos en relaciones públicas—; grupo de discusión con relacionistas titulados —profesionales—, vinculados a diversos sectores laborales; y finalmente una encuesta a estudiantes recurrentes de la carrera de Relaciones Públicas de la Universidad UTE —Quito, Ecuador—. Se concluye que es fundamental la proyección de los profesionales y estudiantes de relaciones públicas como knowmads, con el fin de rescatar a la profesión en toda su dimensión, haciendo frente a nuevos retos y requerimientos en un entorno cambiante y, sobre todo, competitivo. También se demuestra que varias características de los knowmads encajan directamente con estos comunicadores, validando la importancia de esta ideología para el futuro de la profesión.

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Section: Las Relaciones Públicas Origen Y Evoluciónunclassified

Public relations professionals as knowmads: a vision from the academy, the professionals and students in Ecuador

2020

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“…According to Rasmussen and Merkelsen (2012), Danish diplomacy regarding the cartoon crisis suffered because the government put reputation, marketing, and nation branding at the expense of public diplomacy and security policy. To assess this remark, some understanding of the relation between the concept of branding and public diplomacy must be developed.…”

Section: Public Diplomacy and Branding: A Conceptual Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The problem then, how has the country reacted? This was where the problem started, according to Rasmussen and Merkelsen (2012). In their view, Danish government focused only on rebuilding their reputation (as measured by the NBI) rather than addressing the real security issues related to the cartoon crisis.…”

Section: Public Diplomacy and Branding: A Conceptual Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, instead of focusing only on public diplomacy, I use the concept of branding, as developed by Anholt (2007). Following the conclusion from Rasmussen and Merkelsen (2012) that Danish efforts of public diplomacy towards the Muslim-majority countries had shifted to nation branding and the efforts of marketing the states, I try to reassess that conclusion by evaluating the Danish diplomatic efforts. I argue that Danish diplomatic efforts in branding themselves have followed the logic of reactionary policies during a crisis, and therefore have failed to brand themselves in most Muslim-majority countries.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Reassessing Nation-Branding: Danish Public Diplomacy towards Muslim-Majority Countries after the 2005 Cartoon Crisis

Dharmaputra

2017

JGS

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This article reassesses Danish efforts of nation-branding towards Muslim-majority countries after the 2005 Prophet Cartoon Crisis. It disputes Rasmussen &Merkelsen’s (2012) findings regarding the shifting Danish policy to a more brand-conscious policy. This article differentiates reactive crisis diplomacy and a brand-informed policy and finds that Danish policy towards Muslim-majority countries was closer to the principle of reactive crisis diplomacy, rather than a conscious nation-branding. Result from this research could be used as the basis for future research on the idea that nation branding could complement the use of classic diplomacy. As the Danish case has shown, the lack of coordination between governmental and non-governmental actors and the lack of conscious effort on nation branding could negate the possibility of creating a good brand image.

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“…And perhaps not surprisingly, corporate branding has also been a major source of inspiration for nation branding (van Ham, 2001;Olins, 2002;Anholt, 2007;Dinnie, 2008). However, nation branding also has a significant overlap with public diplomacy (see Szondi (2008) for a comprehensive clarification), a discipline where the conceptualization of crisis is closely tied to aspects of national security (Rasmussen and Merkelsen, 2012). Although studies indicate that traditional public diplomacy methods are insufficient in terms of leveraging the national brand as a source of destination attraction (Avraham, 2013), it is debatable whether the more recent discipline of nation branding offers any protection in terms of security threats such as terrorism (see Fullerton and Kendrick (2006) and Rasmussen and Merkelsen (2012) for different positions).…”

Section: Place and Nation Branding As Crisis Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

The risks of nation branding as crisis response: A case study of how the Danish government turned the Cartoon Crisis into a struggle with Globalization

Rasmussen

Merkelsen²

2014

Place Brand Public Dipl

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In this article, we investigate the limitations of organization-centric models for crisis communication in handling place crises. Two distinct types of place crisis are identified as what we respectively term the 'sudden' and the 'ongoing' type. We point out that place branding traditionally has been used to handle the latter type. We then demonstrate how the inspiration from corporate communication in place branding has led to a fixation on reputation, which becomes salient when place branding is used as crisis communication in sudden crisis. Here the corporate inspiration tends to rule out alternative strategies for handling crises based on 'societal models'. Through a case study of Denmark's so-called Cartoon Crisis we demonstrate how crisis communication falls short of coping aptly with the complexity of the crisis due to the branding-inspired translation from 'sudden' to 'ongoing' crisis. We thus argue that the Danish government's solution in nation branding aimed at the reputational implications failed to address the immediate consequences of the crisis vis-à-vis national security and exports. And that this solution in turn created the reputation as additional risk. We conclude that a broader societal perspective on crises therefore is needed in the emerging academic literature on place crisis communication.Place Branding and Public Diplomacy (2014) 10, 230-248.

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The new PR of states: How nation branding practices affect the security function of public diplomacy

Cited by 30 publications

References 42 publications

Public relations professionals as knowmads: a vision from the academy, the professionals and students in Ecuador

Public relations professionals as knowmads: a vision from the academy, the professionals and students in Ecuador

Reassessing Nation-Branding: Danish Public Diplomacy towards Muslim-Majority Countries after the 2005 Cartoon Crisis

The risks of nation branding as crisis response: A case study of how the Danish government turned the Cartoon Crisis into a struggle with Globalization

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