The New Functionalism

Sjöberg, Lennart

doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1971.tb00602.x

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…“Primed” participants had higher SCRs than “non primed” participants during the first tour of virtual immersion and gave more accurate intuitive answers than “non primed” participants. These results are consistent with the hypothesis according to which immersion in an environment, whatever its nature, would influence intuitive decisions 5 , 57 , 58 . It also supports Bowers et al 1 model which states that the assemblage of verbal/nonverbal cues progressively combined in a consistent way would be connected to implicit information.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…This suggests that two different patterns could exist among "primed" and "non primed" participants. For the "primed" ones, the pattern of SCR activation, as sub-cortical and unconscious, is likely to be associated with intuitive decision, while for "non primed" participants, that is not the case, even through the "non primed" participants seem actively try to find the place, as given by the SCRs modifications during the three tours [57][58][59] . Previous studies have associated modifications in SCRs with conscious or unconscious recognition and a www.nature.com/scientificreports/ feeling of "knowledge" [29][30][31] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Continuity in intuition and insight: from real to naturalistic virtual environment

Eskinazi

Giannopulu

2021

Sci Rep

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Intuition and insight can be deployed on the same continuum. Intuition is the unconscious ability to create links between information; insight is a process by which a sudden comprehension and resolution of a situation arises (i.e. euréka). In the present study, real and virtual environments were used to trigger intuition and insight. The study hypothesised that immersion in real primed environments would facilitate the emergence of intuition and insight in a virtual environment. Forty nine healthy participants were randomly assigned to two groups: “primed” and “non primed.” “Primed” participants were immersed in a real environment with olfactory and visual cues; “non primed” participants did not receive any cues. All participants were exposed to a 3D naturalistic virtual environment which represented a district in Paris via a Head Mounted Display (HMD). Locations presented in the virtual scene (i.e. café places) were related to both olfactory and visual primes (i.e. café) and were based on the continuity between real and virtual environments. Once immersed in the virtual environment, all participants were instructed to use their intuition to envision the selected locations during which Skin Conductance Responses (SCRs) and verbal declarations were recorded. When initiation (a) and immersion (b) phases in the virtual environment were considered, “primed” participants had higher SCRs during the immersion phase than the initiation phase in the virtual environment. They showed higher SRCs during the first part of the virtual immersion than “non primed” participants. During the phenomenological interview, “primed” participants reported a higher number of correct intuitive answers than “non primed” participants. Moreover, “primed” participants “with” insight had higher SCRs during real environment immersion than “primed” participants “without” insight. The findings are consistent with the idea that intuitive decisions in various tasks are based on the activation of pre-existing knowledge, which is unconsciously retrieved, but nevertheless can elicit an intuitive impression of coherence and can generate insight.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Continuity in intuition and insight: from real to naturalistic virtual environment

Eskinazi

Giannopulu

2021

Sci Rep

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“…Hilgard (1955) summarised the critique against Brunswik's correlation approach in colourful terms: "Correlation is an instrument of the devil" (p. 228). Sjöberg (1971) also went on to note that Brunswik moved on "…from the constancy ratio to the use of correlations…" (p. 48) but added that this was not justified because achievement or accuracy was no longer related to correctness or what Sjöberg termed "the full metrical correspondence…" (p. 48). Sjöberg concluded "…we do not know if the correlation coefficient constitutes a relevant measure of achievement" (p. 48).…”

Section: Correlationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probability of Responding: A Return to the Original Brunswik

Athanasou¹,

Kaufmann²

2015

Psychol. Thought

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This paper traces the conceptual foundations of the Brunswik based Social Judgment Theory. The historical transition from measurement through probability of responding (i.e., a constancy ratio) to measurement via correlations is documented. It is shown that there are substantive limitations with the correlation approach for the idiographic analysis of human perception or decision-making. Instead, the constancy ratio developed originally by Brunswik as well as the measurement of the probability of accuracy in responding are better suited to the analysis of human responding under conditions of uncertainty and complexity. These measures are relevant for the development of psychological laws of individual responding. It was concluded that focusing on the probability of individual responses to situations through analysing the pattern of responding intensively is more consistent with the original approach of Brunswik.

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“…The data by Mantyla & Nilsson have led Nilsson (1984;see also 1980) and Nilsson, Mantyla & Sandberg (1985) to postulate a more general functionalistic theory of remembering (see L. Sjoberg, 1971, for a discussion of the new functionalism). For veridical remembering to occur, some prerequisites must be fulfilled (cf.…”

Section: Encoding-retrieval Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive psychology in Scandinavia: Attention, memory, learning and memory dysfunctions

Rönnberg

1986

Scandinavian J Psychology

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The last 15 years of research on attention, memory, learning and memory dysfunction is reviewed in detail, while areas such as reading, problem‐solving and decision making are viewed from the perspective of memory and learning. Parts of the reference material are drawn from other areas than cognitive psychology: For example, educational psychology and the neurosciences. A total of 513 papers are reviewed of which 360 papers are of Scandinavian origin. On the basis of the reviewed material, three trends are projected: Cognitive task analysis, cognitive neuropsychology and, finally, an increase of qualitative data analyses.

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The New Functionalism

Cited by 13 publications

References 58 publications

Continuity in intuition and insight: from real to naturalistic virtual environment

Continuity in intuition and insight: from real to naturalistic virtual environment

Probability of Responding: A Return to the Original Brunswik

Cognitive psychology in Scandinavia: Attention, memory, learning and memory dysfunctions

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