The New BMW 2.0-l Four-Cylinder Gasoline Engine with Turbocharger

Steinparzer, Fritz; Klauer, Norbert; Kannenberg, Dirk; Unger, Harald

doi:10.1365/s38313-011-0116-z

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The use of active systems with a variable displacement pump offer possibilities for avoiding these energy losses by matching oil pump flow Q T to engine requirements Q eng and avoiding the use of a pressure relief valve [3,4]. Recent production engines have included such devices to exploit these benefits, however to the authors' knowledge there are no detailed studies of the impacts on engine behaviour [5][6][7][8]. The work presented in this paper aims to capture these impacts on the thermal state and quantify the performance benefits in terms of fuel consumption and emissions.…”

Section: = (2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Engine emissions were measured using a Horiba MEXA 7100 analyser system that was calibrated before each experiment to avoid drift issues. The analysers provide a measurement of concentration by volume and the emissions by mass are estimated according to BS ISO standard 8178-1:2006 [17] using equation (6). The specification and accuracy of key measurement sensors is detailed in table 1.…”

Section: Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,4 Recent production engines have included such devices to exploit these benefits; however, to the authors’ knowledge, there are no detailed studies of the impacts on engine behaviour. 5–8 The work presented in this article aims to capture these impacts on the thermal state and quantify the performance benefits in terms of FC and emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation into the benefits of reduced oil flows in internal combustion engines

Burke

Brace

Stark

et al. 2014

International Journal of Engine Research

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The engine lubrication system is a vital element for engine health but causes a parasitic load on the engine which increases the fuel consumption: this load can be reduced by matching the oil flow to lubricating requirements using a variable displacement oil pump (VDOP). In a first stage, two VDOPs were installed on a 2.4L Diesel engine; experiments over the New European Drive cycle (NEDC) showed reductions in fuel consumption of up to 3.4% and up to 5.8% over the urban phase of the cycle. A VDOP was subsequently installed on an instrumented engine capturing over 100 metal and fluid temperatures within the engine structure. This showed that reducing oil flows resulted in lower oil temperature by up to 4 o C during cold start NEDC but 2 hotter cylinder liner temperatures by up to 6 o C. The higher cylinder wall temperatures caused an increase of 3% in NOx emissions but a reduction of 3-5% in CO and Hydrocarbon emissions. Finally an energy flow analysis showed that the VDOP can reduce oil pump energy consumption by 160kJ (32%) but that this led to a 400kJ reduction in friction and accessory work. These findings highlight the need for a systems-level rather than a component-level approach to engine lubrication design to capture key thermal interactions.

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Section: = (2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation into the benefits of reduced oil flows in internal combustion engines

Burke

Brace

Stark

et al. 2014

International Journal of Engine Research

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“…6 Careful placing of coolant control valves can improve the engine behaviour during warm-up by isolating parts of the circuit and effectively reducing the thermal inertia during warm-up. 10 Recent production engines on higher-end applications have employed these systems in the form of switchable coolant pumps, 11 or through the active control of coolant flows. 12 The active systems allow the control of heat flows to the different fluids with some examples encouraging heat flow to engine oil to try to reduce the frictional losses due to oil viscometrics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systems optimisation of an active thermal management system during engine warm-up

Burke

Lewis

Brace

et al. 2012

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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Active thermal management systems offer a potential for small improvements in fuel consumption that will contribute to upcoming legislation on carbon dioxide emissions. These systems offer new degrees of freedom for engine calibration; however, their full potential will only be exploited if a systems approach to their calibration is adopted, in conjunction with other engine controls. In this work, a design-of-experiments approach is extended to allow its application to transient drive cycles performed on a dynamic test stand. Experimental precision is of crucial importance in this technique since even small errors would obscure the effects of interest. The dynamic behaviour of the engine was represented mathematically in a manner that enabled conventional steady state modelling approaches to be employed in order to predict the thermal state of critical parts of the engine as a function of the actuator settings. A 17-point test matrix was undertaken, and subsequent modelling and optimisation procedures indicated potential 2-3% fuel consumption benefits under iso-nitrogen oxide conditions. Reductions in the thermal inertia appeared to be the most effective approach for reducing the engine warm-up time, which translated approximately to a 1.3% reduction in the fuel consumption per kilogram of coolant. A novel oil-cooled exhaust gas recirculation system showed the significant benefits of cooling the exhaust gases, thereby reducing the inlet gas temperature by 5°C and subsequently the nitrogen oxide emissions by 6%, in addition to increasing the warm-up rate of the oil. This suggested that optimising the thermal management system for cooling the gases in the exhaust gas recirculation system can offer significant improvements. For the first time this paper presents a technique that allows simple predictive models of the thermal state of the engine to be integrated into the calibration process in order to deliver the optimum benefit. In particular, it is shown how the effect of the thermal management system on the nitrogen oxides can be traded off, by advancing the injection timing, to give significant improvements in the fuel consumption.

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Coating Technologies for Automotive Engine Applications

Gangopadhyay

2015

Coating Technology for Vehicle Applications

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The New BMW 2.0-l Four-Cylinder Gasoline Engine with Turbocharger

Cited by 9 publications

References 1 publication

Investigation into the benefits of reduced oil flows in internal combustion engines

Investigation into the benefits of reduced oil flows in internal combustion engines

Systems optimisation of an active thermal management system during engine warm-up

Coating Technologies for Automotive Engine Applications

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